Ul'^ 



.cc^ ^7. ^<^J.c^x^^crv(^^ 



BUREAU OF STATISTICS 

CHARLES F. GETTEMY, Director 



,J» 


REPORT 

ON THE 




Power Laundries 




IN 




Massachusetts 




1913 




^ 




AUGUST 1, 1914 



BOSTON 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING COMPANY 

STATE PRINTERS 

1914 



MASSACHUvSETTS 

Bureau of Statistics 

Rooms 250-258, State House, Boston 



The Bureau is organized into five permanent divisions: 1. The Administration 
Division, charged" with duties supervisory in relation to the several divisions; 2. The 
Labor Division, engaged in the collection and tabulation of statistical and other in- 
formation relating to matters affecting labor and the condition of the working people, 
as well as questions of general economic and social interest; 3. The Manufactures 
Division, which collects and tabulates Statistics of Manufactures; 4. The Municipal 
Division, which collects and tabulates Statistics of Municipal Finances, audits munici- 
pal accounts and installs accounting systems in cities and towns, and supervises the 
issue of town notes; 5. The Free Employment Offices Division, embracing the admin- 
istration of the State Free Employment Offices, of which there are four, located ' 
respectively at 8 Kneelaiid Street, Boston; 47 Water Street, Springfield; 41 North 
Main Street, Fall River; and 48 Green Street, Worcester. During the period of 
taking and compiling the Census a sixth, the Ce^isus Division, is organized. 

The functions of the Bureau and the duties of the Director are summarized in 
Section 1 of Chapter 371 of the Acts of 1909, entitled "An Act to Provide for a Bureau 
of Statistics," as follows: 

Section 1. There shall be a Bureau of Statistics, the duties of which shall be to 
collect, assort, arrange, and publish statistical information relative to the commercial, 
industrial, social, educational, and sanitary condition of the people, the productive 
industries of the Commonwealth, and the financial affairs of the cities and towns; to 
estabUsh and maintain free employment offices as provided for by chapter four hun- 
dred and thirty-five of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and six and amendments 
thereof; and to take the Decennial Census of the Commonwealth required by the 
Constitution and present the results thereof in such manner as the General Court 
may determine. 



Tncvu^xxtivcu _^BUREAU OF STATISTICS 

CHARLES F. GETTEMY, Director 



REPORT 



Power Laundries 

IN 

Massachusetts 
1913 




AUGUST I. 1914 



BOSTON 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING COMPANY 

STATE PRINTERS 

1914 






Approved by 
The State Boaed cf Publication. 



V. 



V 

^ 



vi^ 






PowEE Laundries in Massachusetts, 1913. 



We present in the following pages the results of a special inquiry into 
the business of power laundries in Massachusetts made by the Manu- 
factures Division of the Bureau of Statistics, the schedule of inquiry used 
being similar to that on which annual returns to the department are made 
by manufacturers under the law. Laundries occupy a somewhat peculiar 
position in the world of business, as they neither make anything nor sell 
anything; they constitute, therefore, what may be termed a service in- 
dustry. This is the first canvass of the industry made by this depart- 
ment and partly for that reason was confined to power laundries which 
serve the general public; that is to say, it did not extend to Chinese or 
other hand laundries, to hotels doing their own work, nor to laundries 
connected with educational and charitable institutions. 

The canvass is, however, believed to have been as complete as it was 
possible to make it for the branch of the inquiry covered, and represents 
377 establishments for the year 1913, having a capital invested of $4,- 
542,313, using materials valued at $1,259,655, performing work valued at 
$8,781,826, and paying wages to 8,160 employees aggregating $3,884,570. 
These figures reflect increases over the returns made to the United States 
Census Bureau as of the year 1909, of 35 per cent in the number of estab- 
lishments, 54 per cent in the amount of capital invested, 39.4 per cent 
in the value of materials used, 53 per cent in the value of work done, 
37 per cent in the number of employees, and 50.4 per cent in the amount 
of wages paid. 

This comparatively new industry, therefore, appears to be experiencing 
a rapid growth and to have achieved a substantial position in the business 
life of the community, justifying the gathering and compilation of sta- 
tistics concerning it which may be comparable at regular periods; more- 
over, the relation which hand laundries bear to the development of the 
power laundries and the conditions under which work is performed in the 
two branches of the industry would seem to warrant the securing of 
similar information regarding both, and it is hoped therefore that data 
relating to the former may be included in future presentations. The in- 
dustry as carried on under factory conditions in Massachusetts is un- 



4 POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 

doubtedly of less than one generation's growth, and is consequently 
capable of extensive development. The real utility of the work and its 
contribution to the well-being of the community is perhaps not yet fully 
appreciated, but it is work that really needs to be done, and is, on that 
account, dignified. It is the one drudgery of housekeeping that is most 
dreaded, and substantially its entire transfer to modern, properly ventilated 
and equipped establishments, of which we have some excellent examples, 
may perhaps be regarded as only a matter of time. 

The increase in the value of work done by the power laundries for the 
four-year period, 1909-1913, amounted to 52.6 per cent, or an average of 
about 13 per cent per annum. The increase in 1913 over 1912,^ the only 
two successive years for which figures were obtained, was 13 per cent, or 
about the normal increase as established for the four-year period as a 
whole. The totals for 1909, 1912, and 1913 as regards the number of 
laundries and volume of business done in each of the three years are given 
in the following table, with accompanying percentages : 

Table I. — Comparisons for 1909, 1912, and 1913. 





Number of 
Establish- 
ments 


Value of 
Work Done 


Per Cent op Increase in — 


Years. 


Number 


Value of 
Work Done 


1909 

1912 (3-year period) 

1913 (1-year periodl, 

Increase for the 4-year period, 


280 
329 
377 

97 


85,754,572 
7,773,956 

8,781,826 

3,027,254 


17.5 
14.6 

34.6 


35.1 
13.0 

52.6 



Broadly speaking, the laundry industry divides itself into two classes 
on the basis of the character of the work done, — namely, (1) the estab- 
lishments doing wet washing exclusively, and (2) those doing principally 
flat and starch work, either entirely eliminating wet wash or having it 
represented only to a limited extent. Not always is there a sharp line of 
demarcation as regards the latter class. The different kinds of work over- 
lap to some extent. But the order of progression seems to be from wet 
wash to a combination of wet wash and flat work, and thence to flat work 
combined with high grade starched or finished work, the wet wash being 
discontinued. There are, of course, many combinations of these various 
classes, and there are laundries which simply wash and rough dry the 
clothes, filling a long-felt want in the latter respect. 

' Data were first obtained as of the year 1912 with a view to publication last year, but because of unforeseen 
delays, it seemed expedient to reserve the information for presentation in connection with the data for 1913 
more recently obtained. The figures presented herein, therefore, afford comparisons for both years as well as 
with the returns of the 13th U. S. Census as of 1909. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 5 

Wet-Wash Laundries. 

This type of laundry came into existence in Massachusetts about the 
year 1900, and in the decade or more which has elapsed since the be- 
ginning of the century, it has abundantly proved its usefulness, no less 
than 119, or approximately one-third of the total number of laundries 
existing in 1913 being of this character. They are usually located in sub- 
urban districts, and are operated by men, largely with male employees. 
The processes are very simple, consisting of saturating the clothes in a 
washing machine constructed with several pockets, and afterwards wringing 
them in an extractor, or perforated cylinder operated by centrifugal force, 
by which means about 75 per cent of the moisture is removed, the cloth- 
ing being returned to the owners in their dampened condition for final 
drying in the open air. 

Practically the only occupation for women in these laundries is that 
of sorting and shaking the clothes as they are removed from the extractor, 
in order to disentangle the wrinkled pieces. As more or less strength is 
required in the process of' shaking, the employees engaged in the work are 
generally adults, often married women who seem to be satisfied with the 
opportunity afforded them for employment for the two or three days per 
week which the work entails, — for it is still deemed essential to adhere 
to the old-time household custom of having the washing out of the way 
early in the week. 

The simplicity of the operations and of the equipment makes for less 
permanency in this branch of the laundry business than is characteristic 
of the more heavily capitalized general laundry. The facility with which 
it may be established in dismantled factories, unused barns, and cheaply 
constructed buildings, and the apparent ease with which the work is 
accomplished, render it specially liable to be entered upon by men possess- 
ing little previous experience, and it occasions no surprise, therefore, to 
note that some of the laundries change ownership two and three times a 
year. A peculiarity of this type of laundry is that the owner himself is 
almost always actively engaged in the work. Throughout the State there 
are many small laundries operated entirely by members of the family in 
which no outside help is hired. Where satisfactory work is done, — the 
test of holding the custom in any locality, — the installation of a flat-work 
ironer is generally only a matter of time, the preliminary stage is passed, 
and a probably successful business launched. 

In the tables which follow it has been thought proper to segregate 
the laundries doing wet washing exclusively, and to present the data 



6 POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 

for them separately from the other laundries of the State wherever it was 
possible to do so, since they are usually run from three to four days per 
week, often only two, and are, therefore, not strictly comparable with 
laundries which are in pratically continuous operation. 

Flat and Starch Work, or General Laundries. 

By far the greater volume of business is done in laundries which 
handle finished work, either (1) flat work, — i.e., tablecloths, napkins, 
towels, sheets, pillow-cases, etc., or (2) starched w^ork, such as collars 
and cuffs, shirts, shirt-waists, and other wearing apparel. This type of 
laundry, which we shall refer to as the general laundry, is of older and 
slower growth. It requires much more capital and involves greater risk. 
Here several machines of more or less elaborate construction are used to 
do the work, the principal ones being flat-work ironers, starching machines, 
press machines, body ironers, and a number of smaller devices according 
to the size of the laundry, and the variety of work to be done. These 
laundries employ the greater part of the wage-earners in the industry, 
and, — outside of the drivers engaged in the collection and delivery of the 
goods, — women employees predominate in most of the occupations. 

Intimately connected with the laundry business, a new line of work 
has developed known to the trade as the "coat and towel supply." 
This industry, as well as the manufacture of coats and towels, is sometimes 
combined with the operations of the laundry, thus securing to the owners 
a return from three distinct sources of investment. The data included 
here, however, refer only to the laundry departments of such establish- 
ments, separate reports having been made for the manufacturing opera- 
tions, — by estimate where exact figures were not kept, — and credited to 
our report on manufactures. Since the ownership of the towels is vested 
in the supply departments, the latter also have been omitted, in order to 
obviate the introduction of an element which is more or less commercial, and 
because of the fact that many proprietors operate supply lines indepen- 
dently of laundries, and even extend them by furnishing cabinets contain- 
ing brushes, combs, and soap. The custom for such establishments is drawn 
from professional men, from club houses, barber shops, restaurants, factories, 
and similar sources, and while more or less of this kind of work is done by 
all laundries, there are establishments in which it is made a specialty. 

The principal facts for the two classes of laundries above outlined are 
given in the following table for 1913 with comparative total figures for 
1909 and 1912, although, in the earlier years, as has been stated, no 
segregation of the data for the wet-wash laundries was made. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Table II. — Comparisons — Capital, Materials Used, Wages, etc. 



Years. 


Number 
of Es- 
tablish- 
ments 


Capital 
Invested 


Value of 

Materials 

Used 


Average Number of 
Wage-Earners 


Wages 
Paid 


Value 

of Work 

Done 


Males 


Females 


Totals 


1909 

1912 

1913 

Wet wash, exclu- 
sively, . 
General laundries, . 


280 
329 
377 

119 
258 


52,951,025 
4,120,488 
4,5iS,313 

532,783 
4,009,530 


S903,845 
1,087,794 
1,259,655 

221,844 
1,037,811 


1,859 
2,385 
2,831 

662 
2,169 


4,099 
4,972 
5,329 

181 
5,148 


5,958 
7,357 
8,160 

843 
7,317 


52,582,593 
3,395,861 
3,884,570 

461,385 
3,423,185 


85,754,572 
7,773,956 
8,781,826 

1,265.537 
7,516,289 



Per Cent of Increase. 



1912 over 1909, 

1913 over 1912, 
1913 over 1909, 



17.5 


39.6 


20.4 


28.3 


21.3 


33.5 


31.5 


U.6 


10.3 


15.8 


18.7 


7.2 


10.9 


14.4 


34.6 


53.9 


39.4 


52.3 


30.0 


37.0 


50.4 



35.1 
13.0 
52.6 



Character of Ownership. 
The statistics concerning the ownership of the laundries for the years 
1909, 1912, and 1913 are shown in tables Nos. Ill to V. Of the 280 
estabUshments existing in 1909, 168 were operated by individuals, 67 
were partnerships, and 45 were organized as corporations. In 1912, 166 
individuals, 89 partnerships, and 74 corporations constituted the make-up 
of the 329 establishments reporting. In 1913, laundries operated under 
individual ownership had increased to 204, the partnerships numbered 96, 
and the corporations 77. It is of interest to note that in 1913 there were 
16 laundries, or about eight per cent of the total classified as individually 
owned, which were operated by women. Women were represented in part- 
nerships in slightly greater degree, and they formed a comparatively large 
number of the stockholders, approximately 21 per cent, in corporations. 
The average number of partners per private firm was slightly in excess of 
two, in each of the years, and the average number of stockholders per cor- 
poration, approximately six, was practically constant for the entire period. 



Table III. — Character of the Ownership in Laundries. 



< 

m 


Num- 
ber of 
Es- 
tab- 
lish- 
ments 


Total 
Propri- 
etors 
and 
Stock- 
hold- 
ers 


Individuals 


Partnerships 


Corporations 


Num- 
ber 


Males 


Fe- 
males 


Num- 
ber 


Males 


Fe- 
males 


Total 
Part- 
ners 


Num- 
ber 


Males 


Fe- 
males 


Banks, 
Trus- 
tees, 
etc. 


Total 
Stock- 
hold- 
ers 


1909, 
1912, 
1913, 


280 
329 
377 


584 
767 
877 


168 
166 
204 


157 
153 

188 


11 
13 

16 


67 

89 
96 


127 
182 
191 


14 

11 

2 19 


141 
193 
210 


45 

74 

77 


1 _ 
315 
353 


1 _ 

88 
99 


1 _ 
5 
11 


275 

408 
463 



' Not separately reported. 



2 Includes one special partner. 



8 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



In the laundries, as in other lines of business enterprise, there is a 
marked tendency to concentrate capital in the corporate form of industrial 
management. In 1909, the establishments conducted by individuals and 
private firms in this industry, together controlled 61 per cent of the 
capital, 63 per cent of the volume of business, 64 per cent of the number 
of wage-earners, and paid 65 per cent of the total wages; the corporations 
had the remaining 39 per cent of the capital, 37 per cent of the volume of 
business, 36 per cent of the number of wage-earners, and paid out 35 per 
cent of the total disbursed in wages. Four years later, the data for 1913 
show that 46 per cent of the capital as well as of the volume of business 
was under corporate management, with slightly larger proportions of the 
wage-earners employed and the wages paid. The percentages and the 
figures on which they are based are brought together in the following 
table for the years 1909 and 1913: 

Table IV. — Character of Ownership — 1909 and 1913. 
1909. 



Character of Ownership. 



Number of 

Estab- 
lishments 



Capital 
Invested 



Average 

Number of 

Wage-Earners 



Wages Paid 



Value of 
Work Done 



The State. 



Individual, . 

Firm, 
Corporation, 

Per cent of total, 
Individual, . 
Firm, 
Corporation, 



280 

168 
67 
45 

100.0 
60.0 
23.9 
16.1 



$2,951,025 

1,085,278 

729,569 

1,136,178 

100.0 

36.8 
24.7 
3S.5 



5,938 

2,463 
1,359 
2,136 

100.0 
41.3 
22.8 
35.9 



$2,582,593 

1,081,255 
607,578 
893,760 

100.0 
41.9 
29.5 
34.6 



$5,754,572 

2,356,819 
1,289,320 
2,108,433 

100.0 
41.0 
22.4 
36.6 



1913. 



The State. 



Individual, 

Firm, 

Corporation, 



Per cent of total. 
Individual, . 
Firm, 
Corporation, 



377 

204 
96 

77 

100.0 
54.1 
25 5 
20.4 



$4,542,313 

1,587,662 

864,347 

2,090,304 

100.0 
35.0 
19 
46.0 



8,160 

2,793 
1,476 
3,891 

100.0 

34 .2 
18.1 
47.7 



$3,884,570 

1,376,992 

673,423 

1,834,155 

100.0 
35.4 
17.3 

47.3 



$8,781,826 

3,073,204 
1,638,194 
4,070,428 

100.0 
35.0 
IS. 7 
46.3 



A somewhat different presentation of the figures brings out even more 
clearly the relatively smaller gains made by establishments operated by 
individuals and partnerships, and the larger ones made by corporations 
as between the years 1909 and 1913. In the four years, the number of 
corporations had increased from 45 to 77, a gain of 71 per cent; the 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



9 



capital invested by them increased 84 per cent; the volume of business 
was nearly doubled, registering a 93 per cent increase; and, with a gain 
of 82 per cent in the average number of wage-earners, the total amount paid 
in wages advanced 105 per cent. A substantial increase in volume of busi- 
ness is also shown for both individuals and private firms, 30 and 27 per 
cent, respectively, as brought out by figures in the following summary: 



Table V. — Investment, Wage-Earners, Wages, and Value of Work Done. 


Years. 


Number of 

Estab- 
lishments 


Capital 
Invested 


Average 

Number of 

Wage-Earners 


Wages Paid 


Value of 
Work Done 


The State. 

1909 

1913 


280 
377 


$2,951,025 
4,542,313 


5,958 
8,160 


82,582,593 
3,884,570 


$5,754,572 
8,781,826 


Per cent of increase, 


34. 6 


33.9 


37.0 


50.4 


52.6 


Individuals. 

1909 

1913 


168 
204 


1,085,278 
1.587,662 


2,463 
2,793 


1,081,255 
1,376,992 


2,356,819 
3,073,204 


Per cent of increase. 


SI. 4 


46.3 


• 13.4 


87.4 


30.4 


Private Firms. 

1909 

1913 


67 
96 


729,569 
864,347 


1,359 
1,476 


607,578 
673,423 


1,289,320 
1,638,194 


Per cent of increase. 


43.3 


18.5 


8.6 


10.8 


27.1 


Corporations. 

1909 

1913 


45 

77 


1,136,178 
2,090,304 


2,136 
3,891 


893,760 
1,834,155 


2,108,433 

4,070,428 


Per cent of increase. 


71.1 


84.0 


82.2 


105.2 


93.1 



The Value of Work Done, or Gross Voluivie of Business. 
It should be understood, of course, that to a considerable extent, the 
laundry business is essentially local, and the establishments are, therefore, 
relatively' small as compared with those of other industries. Of the whole 
number of laundries in 1913, there were 45, or somewhat more than ten 
per cent of the total, in which the volume of business done was less than 
§5,000, and, of these, 25 were laundries of the wet-wash type. In 85 
laundries, or more than one-fifth of the total, and 41 of which were wet 
wash exclusively, the yearly volume of business done was between $5,000 
and $10,000. This class shows the greatest concentration in point of 
number. The next higher class has 77 laundries, the volume of business 
running between $10,000 and $15,000, 28 of which were wet wash. As the 
volume of business increases, it will be noted that the number of wet- 
wash laundries diminishes, the class $15,000 but under $20,000 exhibiting 
43 laundries, 14 of which were wet wash; the $20,000 to $30,000 class 



10 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



having 51 laundries, only six of which were wet wash; and when we reach 
the $50,000 limit, laundries of the wet-wash type have disappeared, and 
the general laundries only are represented. 

Above this point there were 24 laundries in which the volume of busi- 
ness ranged between $50,000 and $100,000, and in the highest class, 
$150,000 to $200,000, we find only four establishments, the largest volume 
of business done in 1913 falling just below the upper limit of the class. The 
table is given herewith, and attention is called to the changes in the class 
intervals, the first four being intervals of $5,000, the next three intervals 
of $10,000 each, and the remaining three, intervals of $50,000. 











Table VI. 


— 


Jolume 


of Business — 1913. 






Number of Laundries 


Volume of Business. 










Wet Wash 


General 


Total 




Exclusively 


Laundries 


The State. 


119 


258 


377 


Under So.OOO 


25 


20 


45 


$5,000 to S10,000, 




















41 


44 


85 


$10,000 to «15,000, 




















28 


49 


77 


$15 


000 to $20,000, 




















14 


29 


43 


$20 


000 to $30,000, 




















6 


45 


51 


$30 


000 to $40,000, 




















3 


19 


22 


$40 


000 to $50,000, 




















2 


12 


14 


$50 


000 to $100,000, 


















_ 


24 


24 


$100,000 to $150,000, 


















_ 


12 


12 


$150,000 to $200,000 










4 


4 



As has been stated, no attempt previous to 1913 was made to inquire 
into the character of the work done, but the general laundries, i.e., those 
doing flat and starch work principally, may be further segregated on this 
basis for 1913, somewhat roughly, it is true, but, as the figures are not 
without interest, they are given for the following groups: 



Table VII. — Character of the Work Done — 1913. 




Classification. 


Number of 
Laundries 


Volume of 
Business 


The State. 

1. Wet wash exclusively, 

2. Wet wash and flat work (including rough dry), . . . . . 

3. Wet wash, flat, and starch work, 

4. Flat and starch work, 

5. Flat work only, 

6. Starch work only, ] [ 


377 

119 
46 
89 

102 
13 
8 


$8,781,826 

1,265,537 

639,340 

1,984,657 

4,424,153 

388,279 

79,860 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



11 



Capital Invested. 
The amount of capital invested in laundries as given in table II in- 
creased from $2,951,025 in 1909 to $4,120,4S8 in 1912, the percentage 
of increase for the three-year period being approximately 40 (39.6). 
There was a further increment between 1912 and 1913 of about ten per 
cent, so that at the end of the year 1913 the total investment amounted 
to a little over four and one-half millions of dollars (14,542, 313). Since 
it is not usual to carry a large amount of materials on hand in the indus- 
try, and as the outstanding accounts, etc., are relatively small, this gain 
is due mainly to increased investment in plant equipment — buildings, 
tools, and machinery, in the last of which the new inventions are becoming 
increasingly important. The total for the year 1913 for these items, 
including land, was $3,728,844 as against $2,363,836 in 1909, an increase of 
57.7 per cent. It will be noted that the investment in wet-wash laundries 
in 1913 formed approximately 12 per cent of the total investment in the 
laundry industry for that year. The figures in detail for 1909, 1912, and 
1913 are presented in the following table: 



Table VIII. — Capital Invested. 



Yeabs. 



Total 
Investment 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



Wet wash, exclusively. 
General laundries. 



$2,951,025 
4,120,488 
4,64^,313 

532,783 
4,009,530 



Land, 
Buildings, 

and 
Machinery 



82,363,836 
3,341,790 
3,728,844 

483,458 
3,245,386 



Unused 
Materials 
on Hand 



$142,065 
170,668 
181,439 

21,557 
159,882 



Outstanding 
Accounts, 

Cash, 
and Bills 
Receivable 



$445,124 
608,030 
632,030 

27,768 
604,262 



Per Cent of Increase. 


1912 over 1909, : 

1913 over 1912 

1913 over 1909 


39.6 
10.2 
53.9 


41.4 
11.6 

57.7 


20.1 
6.3 

27.7 


36.6 
3.9 

42.0 





Cost of Materials. 
The total cost of materials used in the 377 laundries reporting in 1913 
was $1,259,655. The familiar items are water, fuel, soap, soda, bluing, 
chemicals, starch, etc., but their total cost is relatively small as compared 
with the cost of materials used in other industries, and as compared with 
the labor cost in laundries which is the principal item of expense in the 



12 



POWEE LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



industry. Taking all of the returns into consideration, it was found that 
the cost of materials centered around 15 per cent of the volume of busi- 
ness. This is not an average, but is the point above and below which 
there were an equal number of reports. The range was from seven per 
cent to 24 per cent, with the center, as has been stated, at 15 per 
cent of the value of work. Presumably seven per cent is a proportion 
not impossibly low for cost of materials, under certain conditions,^ but 
the standard is probably nearer 15 per cent, smce approximately seven- 
eighths of the whole number of laundries fell within a group reporting the 
cost of materials as between 10 and 20 per cent of the volume of business. 

The cost of water is an item of special interest in connection with 
laundries, and we are able to segregate the figures for this material for 
1913 in order to show the wide variation as regards this particular ex- 
pense. It was found that it varied from no charge whatever in estab- 
lishments where it was pumped from artesian wells on the premises, or 
where it could be taken from a convenient brook or river in the neighbor- 
hood, to S4,600 per year in a single instance in the city of Boston. An 
advantage to laundries in the city of Lowell is worthy of special note, 
the water in that municipality being taken from the canal at a nominal 
cost. Comparative figures for 1909 and 1912 cannot be given, but the 
following summary for 1913 exhibits the number of laundries, and the 
amount paid for water in each according to classes: 





Table IX. 


— The Cost of Water in Laundries. 






Classes. 


Wet-Wash 
Laundries 


General 
Laundries 


Total 


No co'st 2 


The State. 




119 

14 
12 
18 
21 
17 
12 
6 
4 
5 
5 

3 

1 
1 


258 

21 

34 

48 

36 

19 

12 

22 

13 

7 

11 

9 

2 

4 

4 

3 

2 

7 

4 


377 

35 

46 

66 

57 

36 

24 

28 

17 

12 

16 

9 

5 

4 

4 

4 

3 

7 

4 




Under SlOO, 




SlOO to S200 




$200 to S300 




S300 to S400 




§400 to $500, 




$500 to $600, 




$600 to $700 

$700 to $800 

$800 to $900, 




$900 to $1,000, 




$1 000 to $1,100, 




$1,100 to $1,200, 




$1,200 to $1,300 

$1,400 to $1,500 

$1 600 to $2 000, 




$2 000 to 53,000, 




$3 000 to $5,000 










1 Such as free water, a locality where soft coal may be used , and other advantages. 

2 Except the original cost of digging a well or laying a pipe. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 13 



Cities and Towns. 

An idea of the growth of the industry in the cities and the further 
possibilities of its extension in the future is obtained by considering the 
location of the laundries. In 1909, 31 of the 33 cities and 59 of the 321 
towns were represented. By 1913, all of the 33 cities had power laundries, 
and one or more had been established in 86 of the towns. 

Of the total number (377) 63, or about 16 per cent of the laundries 
were located in Boston, and the increase in the value of the work done in 
the four-year period in that city was upwards of 50 per cent, the volume of 
business rising from Sl,601,131 in 1909 to S2,-lll,416 in 1913. No other city 
approaches these figures. Cambridge was second in rank, but had only 
nine power laundries, the value of the work in 1913 being $592,286 as 
against §494,843 in 1909. Springfield and Worcester follow, each with 12 
laundries, and with similar volumes of business, S472,474 and $439,221, 
respectively. Special increases over 1909 are noted for the cities of 
Haverhill and New Bedford. 

The character of the work in a cosmopolitan city like Boston is some- 
what different from that of the smaller cities of the State, it being 
made up of flat work secured from hotels, steamship companies, and 
restaurants, of starched work, and of clothing for mechanics and other 
wage-earners employed in manufacturing and mercantile establishments. 
In Springfield and other cities which are largely residential, the laundries 
do principally flat and finished work, while in busy factory cities, such 
as New Bedford and Fall River, on the contrary, the laundries are nearly ' 
all of the wet-wash type. In suburban districts, the work consists princi- 
pally of family washing. The amount of work done in these sections 
depends on local customs and conditions, on the difficulty of securing 
domestic help, and son;etimes varies with the seasons of the year. Work 
that is done at home in winter among the less well-to-do will be sent to 
the laundries in hot weather, taking the place of work ordinarily con- 
tributed by families which change their residences for the summer, and 
consequently take their work elsewhere. Thus there is a sort of general 
balance maintained, and the laundries, except those of the exclusively wet- 
wash type, have a fairly continuous flow of work throughout the year. 

The total population of the cities in 1910 was 2,295,889, and the total 
number of laundries located in the cities in 1913 was 249. There would 
therefore be one power laundry for every 2,004 families, — on the basis of 
the average for the State in 1910 of 4.6^ persons to a family, — or, in 

1 Vol. II, Thirteenth Census of the U. S., p. 861. 



14 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



round numbers, one for every 9,000 of the population. In the towns of the 
State in 1910, the total population was 1,070,527, and the total number of 
power laundries was 128, or one for every 1,818 families. The figures for 
population just cited are not contemporaneous with the data for laundries, 
but as there would probably be no appreciable change in the average 
number of laundries per thousand of the population during the interval, 
the possibility of expansion in the industry is obvious. 

Table No. X gives the location of the laundries, and Table No. XI 
brings together the figures for 1909, 1912, and 1913 for cities wherever 
it is possible to give comparable data. For the cities which are omitted 
from the table, and for the towns of the State, the figures cannot be given 
without disclosing the operations of individual establishments. 



Table X. — Number and Location of the Laundries — 1913. 



Cities and Towns. 



The State. 

Abington, 

Amesbury, 

Amherst, 

Andover, 

Arlington, 

Athol 

Attleborough, 

Ayer, .... 

Barnstable, . 

Barre 

Beverly, 

Billerica, 

Boston, 

Braintree, 

Bridgewater, . 

Brockton, 

Brookfield, 

Brookline, 

Cambridge, 

Canton, .... 

Chelmsford, . 

Chelse.\, 

Chicopee, 

Clinton, 

Concord, 

Dal ton, .... 

Danvers, 

Dedham, 

East Bridgewater, . 

Everett, 

Fall River, 

FiTCHBURG, . 

Foxborough, 

Framingham, 

Franklin, 

Gardner, 

Georgetown, 

Gloucester, 

Great Barrington, . 

Greenfield, 

Hanover, 

Haverhill, . 

Hingham, 

HOLYOKE, 

Hudson, 



Number of 
Laundries 



377 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
3 
1 
1 
1 
4 
1 

63 
1 
1 
5 
1 
2 
9 
1 
1 
3 
4 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
3 

13 
5 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
3 
1 

15 
1 
5 
1 



Cities and Towns. 



Ipswich, 

Kingston, 

Lawrence, . 

Lee, 

Leicester, 

Leominster, . 

Lowell, 

Lynn, 

Malden, 

Manchester, . 

Mansfield, 

Marblehead, . 

Marlborough, 

Marshfield, 

Maynard, 

Medford, 

Melrose, 

Merrimac, 

Methuen, 

Middleborough, 

Milford, . 

Milton, . 

Monson, 

Natick, 

New Bedford, 

Newburyport, 

Newton, 

North Adams, 

North Andover, 

North Attleborough, 

Northampton, 

Norton, . 

Orange, . 

Oxford, . 

Peabody, 

Pittsfield, . 

Plainville, 

Plymouth, 

QUINCY, 

Randolph, 
Reading, 
Rockland, 
Salem, . 
Scituate, 
Shelburne, 
Somerville, . 
South Hadley, 



Number of 
Laundries 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



15 



Table X. — Number and Location of the Laundries — 1913 — Concluded. 



Cities and Towns. 



Southbridge, . 

Spencer, 

Springfield, 

Stoneham, 

Stoughton, 

Swampscottj . 

Taunton, 

Upton, . 

Uxbridge, 

Wakefield, 

Walpole, 

Waltham, 

Ware, 

Wareham, 



Number of 
Laundries 



Cities and Towns. 



Warren, . 

Watertown, 

Webster, 

Wellesley, 

West Newbury, 

Westfield, 

Weymouth, 

Whitman, 

Winchendon, . 

Winchester, . 

Winthrop, 

Woburn, 

Worcester, . 



Number of 
Laundries 



Table XI. — Comparisons for the Cities. 



Years. 



The State. 

1909, . 

1912, . 

1913, . 

Beverly. 

1909, . 
1912, 
1913, . 

Boston. 

1909, 
1912, 
1913, . 

Brockton. 

1909, . 
1912. 
1913, . 

Cambridge. 

1909, 

1912, . 
1913, 

Fall Eiver. 

1909, . 
1912, 

1913, . 

Fitchburg. 

1909, . 
1912, 
1913, . 

Haverhill. 

1909, . • . 

1912, 

1913, . 

Holyoke, 

1909, . 
1912, . 
1913, 



Number 
of Estab- 
lishments 



Capital 
Invested 



Cost of 

Materials 

Used 



Average 
Number 
of Wage- 
Earners 



Wages 
Paid 



280 
329 
377 



561 

58 
63 



$2,951,025 
4,120,488 
4,542,313 



$16,995 
22,492 
28,376 



$712,.354 

991,344 

1,110,791 



$51,687 
79,625 
73,141 



$349,011 
266,086 
297,877 



$198,243 
223,941 

242,382 



$17,211 
33,709 
35,950 



$23,320 
57,801 
99,855 



$72,610 
99,863 
115,257 



$903,845 
1,087,794 
1,259,655 



$6,023 
12,551 
11,325 



$264,716 
287,179 
340,209 



$18,441 
21,373 
21,222 



$67,235 
81,593 
72,601 



$36,476 
44,453 
51,543 



$6,290 
16,513 
9,362 



$10,469 
26,350 
24,443 



$19,605 

18,528 
16,070 



5,958 
7,357 
8,160 



44 



78 



1,725 
2,093 
2,333 



116 
149 
134 



481 
531 
518 



190 
244 
247 



87 
146 
174 



$2,582,593 
3,395,861 
3,884,570 



$12,014 
36,422 
36,334 



8711,344 

943,267 

1,062,680 



$57,884 
82,260 
88,610 



$216,961 
253,184 
259,875 



$97,652 
107,378 
128,224 



$25,197 
34,600 
36,197 



$40,940 
75,670 
79,213 



$39,860 
38,312 
45,990 



Value 

of Work 

Done 



$5,754,572 
7,773,956 
8,781,826 



$34,950 
82,045 
75,645 



$1,601,131 
2,118,780 
2,411,416 



$115,368 
164,117 
165,501 



$494,843 
564,335 
592,286 



$216,838 
243,005 
299,194 



$52,096 
75,448 
79,102 



$86,034 
153,227 
178,597 



$82,800 
109,698 
113,617 



I Includ ing three laundries in Hyde Park, which was annexed to Boston in 1912. 



16 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Table XI. — Comparisons for the Cities — Concluded. 



Years. 



Number 
of Estab- 
lishments 



Capital 
Invested 



Cost of 

Materials 

Used 



Average 
Number 
of Wage- 
Earners 



Wages 
Paid 



Value 

of Work 

Done 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



Lawrence. 



Lowell. 



Lynn. 



Maiden. 



New Bedford. 



Newburyport. 



Northampton. 



Quincy. 



Salem. 



Somerville. 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



1909, 
1912, 
1913, 



Springfield. 



Taunton. 



Worcester. 



Other Cities. 



Towns. 



79 
94 
128 



$40,220 
62,270 
54,086 



$54,814 
107,560 
80,950 



$107,874 
167,764 
208,990 



$14,000 
37,249 
40,814 



$76,374 
198,096 
157,273 



$10,761 
19,968 

22,872 



$15,657 
23,312 
21,580 



$36,828 
39,465 
41,705 



$31,736 
44,584 
49,459 



$32,415 
17,195 
19,176 



$163,668 
250,029 
273,008 



$42,775 
80,770 
81,235 



$174,255 
247,766 
270,404 



$162,590 
196,846 
247,933 



$545,627 
852,753 
969,199 



$10,679 
17,283 
23,292 



$30,974 
17,344 
26,092 



$48,173 
41,032 
48,010 



$5,274 
12,372 
15,527 



$27,299 
36,141 
51,379 



$3,213 
6,068 
4,025 



$6,320 
3,957 
5,862 



$11,850 
7,570 
10,299 



$16,598 
23,283 
23,768 



$8,822 
12,106 
14,931 



$36,303 
51,771 
68,260 



$13,238 
12,360 
15,740 



$59,656 
71,135 
75,193 



$45,646 
60,176 
79,641 



$150,545 
206,656 
250,861 



104 
112 



188 
186 
212 



270 
323 
332 



82 
97 
123 



180 
226 
249 



149 
147 
148 



252 
336 
422 



357 
405 
414 



301 
394 



1,073 
1,431 
1,691 



$26,024 
46,649 
54,191 



$80,577 
75,402 

85,874 



$118,929 
146,696 
154,432 



$42,349 
50,450 
66,432 



$85,740 
121,455 
138,875 



$10,021 
16,077 
16,857 



$15,281 
18,956 

22,478 



$20,666 
28,668 
33,213 



$69,614 
77,172 
77,699 



$26,977 
32,649 
36,210 



$97,496 
170,613 
212,220 



$34,508 
39,034 
41,591 



$144,116 
184,965 
190,730 



$127,186 
177,482 
232,672 



$481,257 
638,500 
783,973 



$66,405 
148,760 
132,250 



$170,085 
185,868 
173,397 



$276,314 
334,527 
353,751 



93,466 
118,844 



$175,172 
260,400 
312,358 



$25,253 
45,070 
47,140 



$31,551 
43,000 
46,872 



$56,393 
66,298 
74,325 



$152,212 
163,343 
167,652 



$64,676 
97,375 
96,384 



$284,732 
389,441 
472,474 



$72,216 
87,555 
95,711 



$316,215 
420,738 
439,221 



$294,626 
473,295 
543,141 



$1,019,676 
1,454,165 
1,792,948 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



17 



Average Number of Wage-Earners. 

Considering the total number of employees constituting the labor 
force in the 377 laundries, it will be noted that there is a tendency towards 
an increase in the proportion of male wage-earners. In 1909, they formed 
31.2 per cent of the total, in 1912 the proportion advanced to 32.4, and 
in 1913, it was 34.7. The percentages for females show a corresponding de- 
cline, falUng from 68.8 in 1909, to 67.6 in 1912, and to 65.3 in 1913.i 

If the kind of laundry be taken into consideration, the conditions are 
wholly different. Of the 843 wage-earners employed in laundries doing wet 
washing exclusively, 662, or 78.5 per cent, were males and only about one- 
fifth, 21.5 per cent, were females, while in the general laundries, whose 
principal business was starch and flat work, the proportions are just the 
reverse, the females numbering 5,148 out of a total of 7,317, and constitut- 
ing 70.4 per cent of the operatives as against 29.6 per cent males. 

The table is as follows: 



Table XII. — Proportions of the Sexes. 



Years. 


Average Number of Wage- 
Earners 


Proportion of the Sexes 
(Per Cent) 




Males 


Females 


Total 


Males 


Females 


Total 


1909 

1912 

1913 

Wet wash, exclusively, 
General laundries, 


1,859 
2,385 
2,831 

662 
2,169 


4,099 
4,972 
5,329 

181 
5,148 


5,958 
7,357 
8,160 

843 
7,317 


31.2 
32.4 

3i.7 

78.5 
29.6 


68.8 
67.6 
65.3- 

21.5 

70.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 



The growth in size of laundries, as indicated by the number of wage- 
earners employed, is shown in Table XIII. The data for 1912 are not in- 
cluded here, the comparison for the longer period having greater significance. 
The groups are arranged by classes for establishments employing 1 to 5 
wage-earners inclusive, 6 to 20, 21 to 50, 51 to 100, and 101 to 180 which 
includes the maximum number reported in any laundry for the year 1913. 

In the first group, establishments employing 1 to 5 wage-earners, there 
were 69 laundries in 1909. In 1913 laundries of this size had increased to 
88 in number, a gain of 27.5 per cent. The second class, laundries employ- 
ing from 6 to 20 wage-earners, is apparently the group of greatest density, 

I It should be stated that the average number of wage-earners in 1909 was reported as a whole, and that the 
figures for males and females were estimated by the United States Bureau of the Census on the basis of the pro- 
portions of the sexes as returned for a particular day, — namely, December 15, 1909. For the years 1912 and 1913, 
the number of males and females were separately reported, and the total secured by addition. 



18 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



there being 127 laundries in 1909 as against 176 in 1913, an increase of 
nearly 39 per cent. In the next two groups, estabHshments employing 21 
to 50, and 51 to 100 wage-earners, respectively, the increase was approxi- 
mately one-third, while in the group of laundries employing over 100 wage- 
earners, there were 9 in 1909, and 14 in 1913, the percentage of increase 
being 55.6. 

In conjunction with the increase in the number of establishments, it is 
interesting to note the increase in the number of wage-earners employed 
in the laundries falhng within the specified groups. In class one, laun- 
dries employing 1 to 5 wage-earners, the total number of such persons 
employed in 1909 was 234; in 1913 the number had increased to 298, 
a gain of 27 per cent. In class two, the total number of wage-earners 
increased from 1,465 to 1,945; in class three, from 1,700 to 2,291, the 
percentages of gain in the last named classes being, approximately, 33 
and 35. In laundries employing from 51 to 100 operatives, the labor force 
increased from 1,424 to 1,781, and in laundries employing over 100, the 
number of wage-earners rose from 1,135 in 1909 to 1,845 in 1913, this class 
exhibiting the highest percentage of increase, and emphasizing the prevail- 
ing tendency towards concentration into larger units. The figures are 
brought together in the following table. 





Table 


XIII. — 


Wage-Earners. 








Number of 


Number of Wage- 


Per Cent of 




Establishments 


Earners Employed 


Increase in — 
















Number of Wage-Eahners. 










ments 


Number 




1909 


1913 


1999 


1913 


Employing 
Specified 
Number 


of Wage- 
Earners 


The State. 


280 


377 


5,958 


8,160 


34.6 


37.0 


Ito 5.1 . 


69 


88 


234 


298 


27.5 


27.4 


6to 20, , . 


127 


176 


1,465 


1,945 


38.6 


32.8 


21 to 50 


55 


73 


1,700 


2,291 


32.7 


34.8 


51 to 100 


20 


26 


1,424 


1,781 


30.0 


25.1 


101 to 180 


9 


14 


1,135 


1,845 


55.6 


62.6 



1 Includes one establishment having no wage-earners in 1909 and three such establishments in 1913. 



Employment by Months. 
Table XIV gives the number of wage-earners by months, for the years 
1909, 1912, and 1913 with percentages of variation from the maximum in 
each of the three years. In July, 1913, employment was at the maximum, 
the highest average, 8,425, being shown for that month. The figures 
given in the accompanying table bring out the fact that employment in 
the laundry industry is fairly uniform, since the average deviation from 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



19 



the maximum for the year 1913 was only 3.2 per cent. The percentages of 
unemployment ranged from 0.5 in June to 6.3 in the months of January and 
February, and exhibit a slight improvement over 1912 for which year the 
range of unemployment was from 1.2 per cent in the months of August 
and September to 8.4 per cent in the month of February. The figures for 
1909 are not strictly comparable, since they represent the number em- 
ployed on a specific day in each month (the 15th), while the figures for 
1912 and 1913 are averages for the month secured by adding the averages 
for each week and dividing by four. The general conditions of employ- 
ment, however, in either 1912 or 1913 appear to be appreciably better 
than in 1909. The table is as follows: 



Table XIV. 


— Average Number o 


f Wage-Earners Employed: By Months 












Variations from the 






Years 




Month of 








Maximum Employment 


Months. 








(Percentages) 




1909 


1912 


1913 


1909 


1912 


1913 


January, 


5,671 


7,014 


7,892 


9.0 


8.3 


6.3 


February, 










5,668 


7,006 


7,891 


9.1 


8.4 


6.3 


March, 










5,677 


7,095 


7,969 


8.9 


7.2 


5.4 


April, 










5,734 


7,241 


8,099 


8.0 


5.3 


3.9 


May, 










5,839 


7,370 


8,240 


6.4 


3.6 


2.2 


June, 










6,039 


7,535 


8,384 


3.1 


1.5 


0.5 


July, 










6,226 


7,648 


8,425 


0.1 


100.0 


100 


August, 










6.136 


7,556 


8,335 


1.6 


1.2 


1.1 


September, 










6,235 


7,555 


8,278 


100.0 


1.2 


1.7 


October, . 










6,113 


7,499 


8,187 


2.0 


1.9 


2.8 


November, 










6,066 


7,424 


8,098 


2.7 


2.9 


3.9 


December, 










6,096 


7,368 


8,077 


2.2 


3.7 


4.1 



Wages Paid and Average Yearly Earnings. 
The total amount paid in wages during the year as shown in Table II 
rose from $2,582,593 in 1909 to $3,884,570 in 1913, an increase of upwards 
of 50 per cent. The increase in 1913 over 1912 was 14 per cent, or shghtly 
above the average established for the four-year period as a whole. It 
is of special interest to note that the amount paid in wages formed more 
than 44 per cent of the total volume of business in 1913, and the laundry 
industry has therefore the distinction of being one of the few in the 
State where labor is a more important factor than the cost of materials. 
The average yearly earnings, without regard to sex or age, were $476.05 
in 1913 as against $461.58 in 1912, and of the average number of wage- 
earners in all laundries in 1913, 34.7 per cent were males and 65.3 per cent, 
or approximately two-thirds, were females. 



20 POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Classified Weekly Wages. 

Tables XVa and XV6 exhibit the rates of wages paid in general and 
wet-wash laundries, — by class intervals of one dollar — ranging from under 
$3 to $16 per week, and by gradations of two dollars beyond that point to 
$22 and over. The number of wage-earners receiving the specified wage 
is further differentiated as to males and females 18 years and over, and 
young persons. of either sex, under 18 years of age. The figures are given for 
the week of greatest employment in each establishment, a total of 8,687 
wage-earners. The laundries handling wet washing exclusively, 860 wage- 
earners represented, have been segregated from the general laundries in which 
the character of the business done was flat and starch work principally, em- 
ploying 7,827 wage-earners. Of the 7,827 operatives employed in the general 
laundries during the week specified, 2,193, or about 28 per cent, were adult 
males, 5,236, or 67 per cent, were adult females, and 398, or 5 per cent, 
were young persons of either sex, under 18 years of age. Dividing the wage 
classes into three groups, — namely, those paid rates less than $8, $8 to 
$15, and $15 and over, we find that, of the adult male icage-earners, 78, or 3.6 
per cent, ranged within the first group. The wage group paid rates ranging 
between $8 and $15 contained practically one-half (49.6 per cent) of the 
male wage-earners, the greatest concentration, 290 employees, constituting 
13.2 per cent, being in the $12 class. The remaining 1,026 employees, 
approximating 47 per cent of the male wage-earners, were paid rates of 
$15 and over, the classes $16 and $18, respectively, each having about 11 
per cent, the $15 class enrolling 318 employees, or about 15 per cent, and 
the classes ranging in excess of $20 containing upw^ards of 10 per cent of 
the adult male operatives. 

Of the rates imid to adult females, it will be noted that the wage classes 
ranging from less than $3 to $8 per week contained 3,093, or 59 per cent of 
the operatives, and that $6 is the rate most frequently recurring, practi- 
cally 26 per cent of the employees, 1,351 wage-earners, being in the $6 but 
under $7 wage class. The next higher wage class, $7 per week, had 1,057 
wage-earners, or slightly more than one-fifth (20.2 per cent) of the adult 
females. The $5 wage class had 546 wage-earners, or 10.4 per cent of the 
women, and there were about three per cent in the wage classes under $5 per 
week. The higher wage groups, those paid $8 and over, comprised about 
41 per cent of the total women wage-earners, and of these, 15, 13, and 7 per 
cent, respectively, received rates of $8, $9, and $10 per week. An addi- 
tional five per cent comprised classes $11 to $13 inclusive, while the num- 
bers beyond this point were relatively unimportant. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 21 

Of the young persons of both sexes under 18 years of age in this indus- 
try in 1913, there were 398. Nearly one-half of these operatives, 178 
wage-earners, or 44.7 per cent, were in the $5 wage group, and 105 of the 
operatives or about 26 per cent were in the $6 wage class. The next higher 
classes, $7 and $8, had 9 and 4 per cent of the total, respectively, while 
the classes $4 to $5, and under S4 were represented, respectively, by 10 
and 3 per cent of the total. 

In the wet-ivash laundries, shown in Table XV6, more than three-fourths, 
667 wage-earners, or 77.6 per cent, were males, and 183, or about 21 per 
cent, were females, there being only a small representation, 10 in number, 
of young persons under 18 years of age. These laundries were usually oper- 
ated three and four days per week as shown in Table XVII. It will be 
noted that 10.4 per cent of the males were paid rates of less than $8 per 
week; nearly two-thirds, 62.7 per cent, were paid rates ranging from $8 to 
$15; and the remaining 26.9 per cent were in classes paid $15 per week 
and over. 

Of the 183 females employed in wet-wash laundries, slightly more than 
one-fifth were in the wage class receiving $4 to $5, approximately $1.50 
per day for three days, or in some instances $1 per day for 4 days' work. 
An additional one-fifth Were in the class $5 but under $6, the next two 
wage classes, $6 and $7, embraced somewhat more than one-fourth of the 
total, and 21 per cent, or 39 persons, were paid rates of $8 and over. 

The figures with percentages are given in the succeeding tables. 



22 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



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24 POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Occupations. 

In addition to the rates paid per week, data were secured concerning 
the occupations in laundries for the year 1913. The wage-earners in the 
industry are generally employed on a time basis, there being comparatively 
few occupations such as that of the hand ironers, where, as yet, the piece 
price system has been adopted. As in the preceding tables, the data for 
the wet-wash laundries are presented separately with the understanding 
that the rates reported were generally on the basis of a three-day week. 
There was only a single instance reported in 1913 where a laundry doing 
wet washing exclusively was operated the full 305 working days. 

Of the occupations for males, in both the general and the wet-wash 
laundries, that of driver is the most common. The drivers are engaged 
in the collection and delivery of the work, and wherever they were directly 
employed by the establishment reporting, they were included among the 
wage-earners. They are the employees who receive the highest pay, on 
whose good will, in some instances, the success of the laundry depends, and, 
in addition to their regular weekly wage, they are usually paid a com- 
mission ^ for all work collected above a prescribed minimum which varies 
with the locality and with the establishment. In the general laundries, 
there were 912 drivers employed of whom 531, or about 58 per cent, were 
paid rates of $15 and over, the class $15 but under $16 having 177 wage- 
earners. The balance, 381 wage-earners, or about 42 per cent of those 
employed in this occupation, ranged within the wage groups paid rates from 
$8 to $15, the greatest single group, 127 drivers, being in the $12 class. 
The drivers employed in wet-wash laundries numbered 250 of whom 103, 
or upwards of 40 per cent, were paid rates $15 and over, none were paid 
less than $8, and 147 were paid between $8 and $15, the class $12 having 
the largest number, 54. Considering the fact that these rates were gener- 
ally paid for a three-day week, it is at once apparent that the drivers in 
the wet -wash laundries receive a higher remuneration for the time spent 
in the work than do those employed in the regular laundries, but it should 
be stated that they often really work 45 hours in the three days, that their 
hours are very irregular, the work physically exhausting, and that in many 
cases they have at least the care of their horses and wagons for the remainder 
of the week. In order to secure reliable men, however, the more attractive 
wage scale has been found necessary. 

The group of male wage-earners employed on the premises is made up of 

1 Other commissions, often relatively large, are paid to independent agencies which collect work for laundries, 
and to independent drivers who provide and maintain their own equipment. The amounts so paid form an im- 
portant item of expense which is not here reported. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 25 

engineers^ (or firemen), washmen, and extractormen. The occupations 
however, are not rigidly fixed. Especially in the smaller laundries, two or 
more occupations are frequently combined, such as fireman and washman, 
washman and extractorman, etc., and in the wet-wash laundries, as has 
been stated, the proprietor is usually actively engaged in the work, some- 
times as a driver, and sometimes as the engineer and washman. 

The occupation of washman is important, and the rates paid are fairly 
high. Of these, 38-1 in number, or about 17 per cent of the total male 
wage-earners, the classes S12 and $15 respectively have similar numbers, 
61 and 65, or approximately one-sixth of the workers, and the classes 
$16 to $25 contain 105 operatives, or over one-fourth of the total number 
employed in this occupation. Relatively less important is the occupation 
of extractorman, the rates paid for this class of work ranging from $7 to 
$16 with the greatest concentration of numbers 55 and 47, respectively, in 
the $10 and $12 classes. The next occupational group peculiar to laundries 
comprises the hand ironers numbering 106. This work is sometimes paid 
by the piece, and the rates, as shown in the table, are correspondingly high, 
more than one-half of the employees being scheduled at rates exceeding $15, 
the classes $16 to $18, $18 to $20, and $20 and over including upwards of 
50 per cent of the wage-earners in this occupational group. 

Helpers in laundries numbered 224. This group is composed of general 
utility men who are shifted from one occupation to another wherever their 
services are at the particular moment most urgently needed, and in the 
miscellaneous group, there are 16 wage-earners who could not be included 
with any of the other classes, such as box makers, elevator men, shippers, 
and watchmen. 

The total number of females employed in laundries in 1913 during the 
largest week was 5,419, — 183 in the wet-wash laundries, and the balance, 
5,236, in the regular laundries handling flat and finished work. Of the 
183 women employed in the wet-wash laundries, practically all were 
engaged in sorting and shaking. Some of the establishments combined 
these occupations, but if they were large enough to employ a sufficient 
number, the work was subdivided. The rates paid varied from $3 to 
$10 per week. The classes $4 and $5 each had 37 wage-earners, and the 
class $6 per week had 33 wage-earners. These three classes contained 58 
per cent of the total females employed in laundries of this type and 
the rates are generally for a 3-day week. The classes $7, $8, and 
$9, approximately evenly represented, had together 45 wage-earners, or a 
little more than one-fifth of the adult females employed in the wet-wash 

^ Often a third class, or even a " special " license, is sufficient to operate a particular plant. 



26 POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 

laundries. Nearly all of those receiving $3 and less per week, as shown 
in the table, worked only two or two and one-half days, the amount paid 
varying from $1 to $1.50 per day, the hourly rates in the wet-wash laundries 
varying from 15 to 30 cents. 

The regular laundries employ approximately 97 per cent of the female 
wage-earners. Here the work is subdivided among a greater number of 
occupations, and some of them are sufficiently well defined to present sepa- 
rately. The flat-work feeders, catchers, and folders are the most numerous, 
aggregating 1,863, or more than one-third of the total number of adult 
females employed in the general laundries. This occupation requires no 
special skill, and consists of feeding the articles into a machine called a 
"flat-work ironer," a common type of which is constructed of a steam- 
heated cylinder about 10 feet long and about 4 feet in diameter erected on 
heavy standards, over which run 8 padded rolls 8 inches in diameter. A 
canvas apron carries the articles around this cylinder and between the rolls. 
The heat and pressure are sufficient to dry and iron them and they are 
transmitted along to the opposite side where they are caught and folded. 
The rates paid for this class of work are S5, $6, and $7 per week, depend- 
ing somewhat upon location, upon the difficulty of securing domestic help, 
and upon the competition of other local industries which may be held in 
higher social esteem. The largest group is at 16 per week. In the three 
wage classes mentioned, however, 1,651 operatives, or nearly nine- tenths of 
the total employed in the flat-work department, are included. The class 
$8 per week was represented by 123 wage-earners, or approximately seven 
per cent of the total in this department, leaving the remaining four per 
cent scattered. 

The next most numerous class was that of hand ironers, 1,114, com- 
prising about 21 per cent of the total female employees. The rates paid 
here are much higher than for the flat work, the greatest concentration 
being in the $8 and $9 classes, which contained respectively 277 and 258 
employees, or approximately 50 per cent of the operatives engaged in this 
kind of work. The higher rates shown for this occupation, in a single 
instance as high as $20 per week, are usually paid for work which is done 
by the piece. 

The machine operators form the succeeding occupation of importance, 
799. This group includes a large number of occupations variously reported 
as starch machine girls, sleeve ironers, collar girls, collar ironers, collar 
shapers, operators on cuff, bosom, and yoke presses, neck band machines, 
darning machines, etc. Comparatively few of the laundries have a suf- 
ficient amount of any one class of work to keep the help continuously 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 27 

employed, and only in the very large laundries is there an organization 
sufl&ciently detailed to keep the operatives at one task as long as possible, 
in order to secure the greatest economy of production. Of the machine 
operators, the model wage class, $7 per week, contained 234 or more than 
one-quarter of the operatives, and the classes $8 to $15 had a total of 382 
or approximately 48 per cent of the wage-earners in this occupational group. 
The remaining one-fourth of the number were paid less than $7 per week. 

The markers and sorters in the regular laundries numbered 794. Accuracy 
is the principal requisite for this occupation, since it is important that the arti- 
cles be sorted carefully, and returned to their proper owners. It is, there- 
fore, not surprising to find that the rates for this occupation are as high as 
any in the industry. The $7 and $8 wage classes together had 40 per cent 
of the operatives, and the wage classes $9 and upwards contained 379, or 
nearly one-half of the wage-earners in this occupational group. 

On the basis of numbers, the next higher are designated as shakers, 
aggregating 357. The most frequent rates paid for this occupation are $5 
and $6 per week, 235 operatives being in these two classes combined; 31 
are in the $7 class, and 70 in the $4 class. The term helpers as used in 
the table includes hand washers, menders, bundle girls, and others whose 
aggregate number was insufficient to make the wage scale at all representa- 
tive. They have, therefore, been grouped into a class comprising 104 of 
the operatives in the laundries doing finished work. 

The occupations of the young persons under 18 years of age are similar 
to those of adult females, the feeders and folders in the flat-work department 
forming 46.7 per cent, or nearly one-half of the group. More than one-half 
of these were in the wage class receiving $5 but under $6 per week; 35 per 
cent were in the $6 wage class, and the classes $7 and $8 per week had to- 
gether about seven per cent of the total. Shakers was the occupation next 
most numerous, there being 62 among the young persons, some of them 
males, and, as in the flat department, one-half of these operatives were in 
the $5 wage class; about one-fourth were in the next lower class, those re- 
ceiving $4 but under $5, and the remaining one-fourth were grouped in the 
next higher classes, namely, — those receiving $6, $7, and $8 per week. The 
only other occupation containing 50 wage-earners was that of helpers of 
whom 22 per cent were in the $5 wage class, and 24 per cent in the $6 wage 
class, the $7, $8, and $9 classes comprising nearly one-third of the operatives 
in this occupation. Of the machine operators, the majority were in the 
$5 but under $Q wage class,- the representation in the other wage classes 
being negligible, as were the young persons employed in wet-wash laun- 
dries, of whom only ten were reported throughout the state. 



28 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



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1 1 


1 1 


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TKQO 


11 -H >H 


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y-ivi 
















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1 1 


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1 1 


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b 


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1 1 


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[ 1 


I 1 


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a few 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 




1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


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MO 


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c<» o 


t^o 


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t^O 


coo 


•«<o 


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coo 


woo 


— o 


CMO -OiO 


■*o 


coo 


o> - 






IM ■ 




CO ■ 




t~ • 






o • 


CM ■ 


Hjl ■ 








o 




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o 


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CMO 


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o 


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'^ O ^ O 


CO O 


"""o 


m2 


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2 


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o 


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m 










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. . 


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5 


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H 


o 


o 


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§5 


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o 




1° 


■o = 


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35 


< 

o 












3^ 






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c -^ 


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o ^ 


> 

c ~ 


a! 


> 


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=1 




c S 
c " 




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a » 


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a) § 


2 S 


li 






dfe 


k ^ 


a k 




.£S3 


« fe 


Sb 


» fe 


o fe 


ofe 


§fe 


s& 


Sa, coa, 


§fe 


Mh 




HO, 


PQO, 


Oa, 


Hft, 


wa. 


feO, 


Pud, ea, ffia, 


►ilQ, 


Aa, 


Sa, so; 


^a, sa, 1 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



29 






•^ 


n1 


g 




5^ 


a 


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o 






-s? 




cc 


a 


C 


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0, 


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W 



n 
< 
Eh 





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in<=, 


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1 1 


— 1~ 


1 r 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1^ 


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S 3-^S 


oe^i 


•no 


— OO 


1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 














03 










3 






















Sals 


S^ 


CO ^^ 


ccoo 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 J 


(NQ> 


J 1 


















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3 






















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MSO 


COS} 


(M m 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


t^OM 


1 1 


















CO 










ijj 














3 
























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en Co 


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1 1 


—1 ca 


-^«^ 


-.OJ 


1 1 


■*■=> 


J 1 


>« 


J^ 


«1 




o 


CO 


-• 




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3 






















$15 

but 

under 

$16 


s^^ 


JS=! 


— <2, 


— it~ 


—1 <3 


— f~. 


— .S} 


-<oo 


MOl 


-Ht^ 




~* 


^ 


<s 


c 


Co 


'^ 


<?} 


^ 


CO 


•♦J2 C«» 




■*50 


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to la 


1 1 


f-1 1^ 

CO 


1 1 


1 1 


OS CTl 
00 


1 1 


3 






















1 2 3-a5J 


CO Oi 




1 1 


tola 




1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 ^ 






















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k;^ 


5i 


eoQo 

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c><S 


1 1 


J 1 


1 1 


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1 1 
























$11 

but 

under 

$12 


^i'". 


■^ Co 


1 1 


IC ^? 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


«oo 


(MO> 


(MO? 


cc 


^ 




^ 








©» 


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GO 


$10 

but 

under 

$11 


s-^ 


■<f>!0 


1 1 


5^^' 


— C) 


1 1 


00 o 


■* ~, 


oos 


1 1 




C6 




S 


Cl 




IS 


^ 


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$9 

but 

under 

$10 






1 r 




— o 
o 


1 1 


8 


O CO 
CO 


005 
CO 


CO 


1 ^s 


« lt> 


(MOO 


1 1 


oo^i^ 


—lis 


1 1 










3 


50 


IS 




50 


<s 




OO 


OJ 


•«' 




^ fe 1 US 'J} 


' 1 


1 1 


■*<= 


« o 


1 1 


a>oo 








3 






05 


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8 


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GO 


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1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


























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1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 




1 1 






s=-gs 


o 












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i 3 






















(H 


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1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 


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3 






















a 5;«o 


1 1 


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1 1 


1 1 


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1 1 


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oo 


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30 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



lO'O <0 


1 1 


1 r 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


J 1 


1 1 






















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1 1 


1 1 


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t»Xi CJ4» 




















s 








































^■* 




1 1 


C>J<5S) 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


" S'On 






©i 














«»J3 fl«» 




















L^ 


tHK! 


1 1 




1 1 


1 1 


-j<eo 


co~* 


1 r 


1 1 


Sa-SS 


o 










O 


c> 






•»J3 C««' 




















P 




















t. 




1 1 




1 1 


1 1 


■weo 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


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~c^ 




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M-^ avy 




















3 




















I, 


0-* 


1 1 


Me« 


1 1 


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to 00 


1 1 


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^ 




Sv! 


d 


<=> 


o 




«»-X! ^^■ 




















U 


050 


1 1 


oco 


1 1 


1 1 


Of^ 


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TJ<>5> 


1 1 


S"3-§S 


•^K 




■o 








O 


C) 




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m-S-Sm 


OU5 


M^ 


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1 1 


CO CO 


f^^ 


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Ka, 


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CCQh 



eo 









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1 1 


1 1 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 


II II II 





t-oo 


1 1 


t^ 00 


so 




so 


« --1 


1 1 










b- 




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1 1 










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00 


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COS! 
















ej 


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iH to 


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1 1 


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s 




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^ 


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Wo: 





POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



eo 

T-l 









f^ 2 






to 








1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


$22 

but 

under 

$25 


II II II II II II II i' 1 


$20 

but 

under 

$22 


II II II II II 1 


3 


II II 11 II II II II II 


$16 

but 

under 

$18 


II ' > II II II II II II 


$15 

but 

under 

$16 


11 II II II II II II II 


$14 

but 

under 

$15 


II II II II II II II II 


$13 

but 

under 

$14 


II II II II II II II II 


$12 

but 

under 

$13 




1 1 




1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


$11 

but 

under 

$12 


M CO 


1 1 


<M>^ 


1 1 


1 1 


1 1 


— 1^* 
so 


1 1 


$10 

but 

under 

$11 


II II II II II II II II 


$9 

but 

under 

$10 


00 'S 


.-hCO 


1 1 


o6 


1 1 


CM -^ 




1 1 




ujoo 

05 


— >co 


CO^ 


od 




C)-^ 


1 1 


CO 


e- 3-a«o 




1 1 




00 1=1 


(MC> 


00 


IM-* 


MQ= 


fr4 

S3T3jr 

•'■ja a** 

3 




«0 03 


so 


(MO 


NO 
o 


00 Oi 










00 >-. 

od 

05 


eo'to 
o ■ 

l«5 




1 1 




•0 50 


— OS 


^4 
**j2 3** 


°? 


to U5 




00 


1 1 


IM-^- 


■*00 

od 




3 


1-I0O 


1 1 


1 1 




1 1 


1 1 


■*00 

ed 


1 1 




II II II II II II II II 


o 
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«i 


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Occupations. 


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as 


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1 1 


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1 


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II II II 
II II II 


1 1 
1 1 
rt o 


1 1 
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1 1 
1 1 


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1 1 


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to o 


« to 


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32 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Perhaps the best idea of the scale of wages paid in any industry is 
obtained by comparing that industry with some of the other industries 
of the State. Attention is, therefore, called to the chart on page 33 
which gives a comparison of the rates paid to women in the laundry 
industry with those paid in Paper and Wood Pulp, in Hosiery and Knit 
Goods, and in Confectionery, these industries being selected because of the 
similarity in the number of female wage-earners employed, and because 
the question of skill is not involved to any considerable extent. The data 
are given for females only, since they form approximately two-thirds of the 
wage-earners employed in the industry, and the percentages, for laundries, 
on which the chart is based are for the year 1913, those for the other in- 
dustries being for 1912, as taken from the report on the Statistics of Manu- 
factures for that year, no later figures being available, and there being no 
important change in the rates of wages paid in these industries between the 
years 1912 and 1913. A comparison is also made with the rates paid in 
Boots and Shoes, which industry, outside of the textiles, employs the 
greatest number of female wage-earners in the State. 

Days in Operation. 

Table No. XVII shows the number of days the laundries were operated 
during the year 1913. As has been stated, the wet-wash laundries were run 
from two to four days per week. Of the 119 laundries of this type, 71, 
or approximately 60 per cent of the total, were in the class whose running 
time was between 150 and 156 days. About one-fourth of the wet-wash 
laundries were operated four days per week, the class with running time 
from 208 to 260, exhibiting a total of 31, and in a single instance a wet- 
wash laundry was operated 305 days in 1913. 

For the general laundries, 305 days was the running time most frequently 
shown, 171, or about two-thirds of the total laundries of this type, being 
continuously operated throughout the year. Forty-one, or about 16 per cent 
of the laundries of this type, were operated from 208 to 260 days, and there 
were 29 establishments whose running time was between 261 and 304 days, 16 
of which were operated practically the full year. The data are as follows: 





Table XVII. 


— Days in Operation. 






IN Operation. 




Number op Laundries 


Days 


Wet Wash 
Exclusively 


General 
Laundries 


Total 


60 to 150 days, 


6 
71 
10 
31 

1 


2 
6 
9 
41 
13 
16 
171 


8 


150 to 156 days, 


77 


157 to 207 days 


19 


208 to 260 days, 


72 


261 to 300 days, 


13 


300 to 304 days 


16 




172 












119 


258 


377 



40 
















































































































1 






Lauadrics 
Boots and Shoes 






































— 


























Hosiery and Ki\it Goods 

CorvfcctioRcry • - 


















































Paper ai\d Wood 


Pu 


P 






























































































































































30 








































































































































































































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Laundry Directory, 

1913. 



Laundry Dieectory-1913. 



[The arrangement is alphabetical. 
Abington. 
Abington & Rockland Wet Wash Laundry 
166 Center Ave. 



Amesbury. 

Amesbury Steam Laundry (H. L. Bailey & 
Co.), r. 46 Elm St. 

Amherst. 

Amherst Co-operative Laundry, Pleasant St. 

Andover. 

Morton St. Laundry (P. J. Dwane, Prop.), 
r. 44 Morton St. 

Arlington. 

Arlington Steam Laundry Co., 91 Myrtle St. 

AthoL 

Amsden's Home Laundry, 20 Exchange St. 
Athol Steam Laundry (Robert A. Beckwith, 
Prop.), 156 Marble St. 

Attleborough. 

Attleboro Laundry Co., 98 Purchase St. 
Goss Laundry, r. 25 County St. 
Home & Hand Laundry, 57 West St. 

Ayer. 

New Method Laundry (H. C. Harlow, Prop.), 
West Main St. 

Barnstable. 

Cash, George H., & Co., Hyannis. 

Barre. 

Hinckley, Ida M. (American Laundry), 
Mechanic St. 

BEVERLY. 

Beverly City Laundry, 59 Park St. 

Hurd, C. A., Co., 11 Rantoul St. 

Star Family Laundry, Office: 51 Lafayette 

St., Salem. 
Whipple Laundry Co., 63 Federal St. 

Billerica. 

Billerica Custom Laundry, Wilson St., North 
Billerica. 



BOSTON. 



AUston Hand Laundry (H. E. Prescott), 7 
Braintree St., AUston. 

American Home Laundry (Fred U. Munroe), 
373 Tremont St. 

American Sanitary Laundry Co., 104 W. 
Brookline St. 

Anchor Laundry Co., 95-99 Freeport St., 
Dorchester. 

Baldwin Garment Co., 827 Shawmut Av. 
Office: Holyoke. 

Beacon Steam Laundry Co., 12 Lenox St., 
Roxbury. 

Bell Laundry Co., cor. Swift and Bennington 
Sts., E. Boston. 

Berklej' Laundry Co., 14 Dover St. 

Blue Ribbon Laundry Co. (J. W. ^oakley. 
Prop.), 1697 Washington St. 

Bonanno, Estate of Charles (Towel Supply 
Laundry), 12 Foster's Wharf. 

Booker Custom Laundry, Inc., 31 Corey St., 
West Roxbury. 

Boston Family Laundry, 670 Harrison Av. 

Brighton Hand Laundry, 15 Academy Hill 
Rd., Brighton. 

Bunker Hill Laundry Co., 7 Sherman St., 
Charlestown. 

Central Wet Wash Laundry, 7 Chestnut Hill 
Av., Brighton. 

Charlestown Wet Wash Laundry (D. J. Skel- 
ton. Prop.), 33 South Eden St., Charles- 
town. 

City Laundry Co., 98 Lenox St. 

Codman St. Laundry, 339 Codman St., Dor- 
chester. 

Columbia Wet Wash Laundry, 119-123 Bird 
St., Dorchester. 

Commonwealth Towel Supply Co. (Wilson & 
Bernson), 218 Summer St. 

Creamer- Wing Laundry Co., 59 W. Newton 
St. 

Crown Laundry Co., 510 Dudley St., Rox- 
bury. 

Dorchester Laundry, 10 Milton Ave., Dor- 
chester. 

Eastern Steam Laundry Co., 941 Massachu- 
setts Av. 

Eliot Square Laundry (E. F. Butler, Prop), 
18 Norfolk St.. Roxbury. 

Empire Coat & Linen Supply Co., 941 Massa- 
chusetts Av. 



38 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Enterprise Custom Laundry, 93-95 Fairmount 

Av., Hyde Park. 
Franklin Laundry Co., 22 Medford St. 
Frost Hand Laundry (A. E., & A. R. Frost), 

195 Massachusetts Av., Fenway Station. 
Gastonguay, Wilfred J., 995 River St., Hyde 

Park. 
Gibson Wet Wash Laundry, 76 Gibson St., 

Dorchester. 
Gordon Supply Co., The (Laundry Dept.), 

537 Albany St. 
Green St. Laundry, 103 Green St., Jamaica 

Plain. 
Hastings Laundry Co., r. 161 Welles Av., 

Dorchester. 
Highland Laundry (E. R. Marshall, Prop.), 

48 Geneva Av., Dorchester. 
Hind's Hand Laundry Co., 3 Appleton St. 
Hyde Park Custom Laundry, 1260 River St., 

Hyde Park. 
Linden Park Laundry, 62 Linden Park St., 

Roxbury. 
M. & M. Laundry (Jas. F. Mulcahy, Prop.), 

201 Dorchester St., South Boston. 
Mattapan Square Wet Wash Laundry, r. 16 

Massasoit St., Mattapan. 
Mayflower Laundry Co., 265 Cambridge St., 

AUston. 
Mechanics Apron & Towel Supply Co., 8-12 

Island St., Roxbury. 
Mercantile & Royal Laundry Co., 4-6 Alden 

Ct. 
Merchants' Towel Supply Co., 347 Congress 

St. 
Mt. Ida Laundry (H. H. Bradford, Prop.), 

92 Dakota St., Dorchester. 
New England Co., 817 Albany St. 
New Method Wet Wash, 1210 Dorchester Av., 

Dorchester. 
New Method Wet Wash Laundry, 36 New St., 

East Boston. 
New System Wet Wash Laundry, 10 Willow 

St., W. Roxbury. 
Niagara Laundry Co., 51 Troy St. 
Olympian Laundry Co., 696 Columbus Av. 
Patenaude, Wm. E., cor. Washington and 

Grove Sts. 
Peninsula Family Laundry, Inc., 27 Boston 

St., So. Boston. 
Pilgrim Laundry Co., 65 AUerton St., Rox- 
bury. 
Prosperity Wet Wash Laundry Co., 84 Brook- 
side Av., Jamaica Plain. 
Regal Laundry Co., 167-169 Dudley St. 
Richardson, A. L., & Bro., Inc., 51 Chardon St. 
Sacco's, J., Wet Wash, 10 Partridge PI., Rox- 
bury. 
Taylor Bros. Laundry, Inc., 10-16 Davenport 

Av., Dorchester. 



Trimount Laundry Co., 59-69 Norfolk Av., 
Roxbury. 

Union Laundry Co., 535 Albany St. 

What Cheer Laundry, 231 Norwell St., Dor- 
chester. 

Woolley's Laundry (C. A. WooUey) , 283 Meri- 
dian St., E. Boston. 

Braintree. 

South Braintree Improved Wet Wash Laundry, 
19 Taylor St., So. Braintree. 

Bridgewater. 

Acme Wet Wash Laundry, off Broad St. 

BROCKTON. 

DeHay's Wet Wash Laundry Co., 78 Rail- 
road Av. 

Empire Laundry Co. (R. P. Barry, Prop.), 
155 Crescent St. 

Union Hand Laundry, 54 Elm Av. 

White Star Laundry Co. (M. L. C. McCrelHs), 
14 Dover St. 

White Star Washing Co., Elliot & No. Main 
Sts. 

Brookfield. 

Peckham, F. E., Main St. 

Brookline. 

Perfection Wet Wash Laundry, 74 Kent St. 
Sunshine Laundry, 8 Flora St. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Boston & Suburban Laundry Co., 2223 Massa- 
chusetts Av. 

Cambridge Laundry, The, 10 Soden St. 

Commonwealth Laundry Co., 348 Franklin St. 

E. & R. Laundry Co., The, 209 Massachusetts 
Av. 

Harvard Laundry Co., 2225 Massachusetts Av. 

Joyce Family Washing (Wm. H. Joyce), 31 
Osborn St. 

Manhattan Hand Laundry, 238 Hampshire St. 

Monk's Laundry Co., 284 Norfolk St. 

Quality Laundry, 372 Portland St. 

Canton. 

Mathew's Steam Laundry (C. H. Mathews, 
Prop.), Washington St. 

Chelmsford. 

Chelmsford Laundry, Littleton St. 

CHELSEA. 

Acme Wet Wash Laundry, 217 Fifth St. 
Empire Laundry Co., 145-149 Division St. 
Husted Laundering Co., Inc., L. K., The, 162 

Maple St. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



39 



CHICOPEE. 

Chicopee Family Laundry, r. 20 Montgomery 

St., Chicopee Falls. 
Holgate, Levi, 263 Britton St., Chicopee Falls. 
Special Wet Wash Laundry, Montgomery St., 

Willimansett. 
Willimansett Wet Wash Laundry, Margaret 

St., Willimansett. 

Clinton. 

Crescent Cash Laundry (Wm. A. Robinson), 

76 Flagg St. 
Eureka Steam Laundry, 110 School St. 

Concord. 

River View Laundry Co., off Commonwealth 
Av., Concord Junction. 

Dalton. 

Dal ton Laundrj-, The (Pinney Bros.). 

Dan vers. 

Danvers Laundry Co., 78 High St. 

Dedham. 

Dedham Custom Laundry, 533 High St. 

East Bridgewater, 

Beaver Home Method Wet W^ash Laundry, 

Elm St. 

EVERETT. 
Glendale Laundry, Inc., The, 740 Broadway. 
Home Washing Co. (R. W., & E. J. Row- 

botham. Props.), 143 Broadway. 
Monument Laundry Co., Edmester Ct. 

FALL RIVER. 

Boston Branch Laundry Co., 378 Ferry St. 
East End Laundry (Maynard Brothers), 1668 

Pleasant St. 
Fall River Laundry Co., 112 Hartwell St. 
FavoriteWet Wash Laundry, 19 Manchester St. 
Foisy's Modern Wet Wash Laundry, 899 

Pleasant St. 
Foisy-Quinn Laundry Co., 897 & 899 Pleasant 

St. 
Globe Wet Wash Laundry, 1451 Plymouth Av. 
Holt, Walter H., & Co., 884 Maple St. 
Ideal Wet Wash Laundry, 373 New Boston Rd. 
Maple St. Laundry (Herbert H. Hewitt, Prop.), 

680 Maple St. 
New Method Wet Wash Laundry, 243 Hart- 
well St. 
North End Wet Wash Laundry, 30 Wellington 

St. 
Slade Street Union Wet Wash Laundry, 1068 

Slade St. 



FITCHBURG. 

B. & S. White Laundry (G. H. Sprague, Jr., 

Prop.), 32 River St. 
Blue Moon Laundry Co., Culley St. 
City Steam Laundry, 43 North St. 
Desroisier, John B., 101 Daniels St. 
Palace Steam Laundry, 26-30 Putnam St. 

Fozborough. 

Foxboro Steam Laundry, Mechanic St. 
Home Washing Co. (Emery & Sallie, Props.), 
Chestnut St. 

Framingham. 

Framingham Steam Laundry, Inc., 50 Howard 
St., So. Framingham. 

Puritan Laundry, Kendall St., So. Framing- 
ham. 

Franklin. 

Modern Laundry Co., Depot St. 

Sherman Laundry, 15 East Central St. 

Gardner. 

Gardner Steam Laundry (C. J. Ballou), 41 

Pine St. 
Hunting Laundry Co., North Main St. 

Georgetown. 

Penn Brook Laundry, Summer St. 

GLOUCESTER. 

Colonial Laundry, 12 Burnham St. 
Paragon Wet Wash Laundry, 8 Morton PI. 

Great Barrington. 

Kelsey Steam Laundry, 24 North St. 

Greenfield. 

Greenfield Laundry Co., 16 Ames St. 
Montague Laundry Co. Office: Montague. 
Wet Wash Laundry Co., 30 Wells St. 

Hanover. 

Hanover Wet Wash Laundry (O. R. Mann, 
Prop.), King St., W. Hanover. 

HAVERHILL. 

Bradford Wet Wash Laundry (Rouleau & 

Joncas), r. 200 Essex St. 
Carrigg's Star Laundry (John J. Carrigg, 

Prop.), 37 Emerson St. 
Eagle Laundry Co., r. 106 Merrimack St. 
Groveland Wet Wash Laundry, 10 Coffin Av. 
Haverhill Laundry, 55 Main St. 
Haverhill W'et Wash Laundry (McLaughlin 

Brothers) , 42 Wingate St. 
Laing & Wescott. 70 Kimball St., Bradford. 



40 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Merrimack Laundry, 14 Washington St. 

New Hand Laundry, 150 Winter St. 

New Method Wet Wash Laundry, r. 58 Wash- 
ington St. 

Pentucket Laundry (Stansfield & Chase), 8 
Bridge St. 

Sanitary Wet Wash, 210 River St. 

Snow-White Wet Wash Laundry (Hoyt Broth- 
ers), 61 § Whitest. 

Standard Laundry, 28 Washington St. 

Troy Steam Laundry (Geo. W. Briggs, Prop.), 
64 Essex St. 

Hingham. 

Hingham Wet Wash Laundry, near Weir River 
Station. 

HOLYOKE. 

Ferguson Steam Laundry, 624 Hampden St. 

Gleason's Wet Wash Laundry, 174 Brown 
Av. 

National Laundry, 396 Main St. 

New York Steam Laundry, 80 High St. 

O'Connor's Laundry, 154-156 Pleasant St. 

Hudson. 

Hudson Home Laundry (Frank H. Wood & 
Co., Props.), 18 Washington St. 

Ipswich. 

North Shore Wet Wash Laundry (M. P. Gilli- 
gan), Saltonstall St. 

Kingston. 

Kingston Steam Laundry (W. S. Randall, 
Prop.), Summer St. 

LAWRENCE. 

Campbell Wet Wash Laundry (Wm. M. Camp- 
bell), 26 Island St. 

City Steam Laundry (Hugh Mulvey), 323 
Methuen St. 

Connor Laundry Co., J. F., r. 43 Brook St. 

Denoncourt, Wm. H., 112 Cross St. 

Empire Laundry (O'Connor & Whelan) 10 
Franklin St. 

Lawrence Family Laundry, r. 43 Brook St. 

Rhodes & Moulton Laundry (successors to 
New Process Wet Wash Laundry), 27 
Broadway. 

Rutter's Model Laundry, r. 45 Brook St. 

Sunlight Wet Wash Laundry (G. G. Bent, 
Prop.), 19 Oxford St. 

Lee. 

Lee Laundry (Henry A. Albee, Prop.), 186 E. 
Centre St. 

Leicester. 
Fox, O. R., 29 Pleasant St. 



Leominster. 

Leominster Steam Laundry, 88 Pleasant St. 
New System Wet Wash Laundry, The (Joseph 

P. Mercier), 15 Carter St. 
Smith's Central Laundry, Manning Av. 

LOWELL. 

Highland & Mussey Steam Laundry, 4 Fletcher 

St. 
Home Wet Wash Laundry (Gibson & Hanson, 

Props.), 117 Cambridge St. 
Jean Laundry Co., 249 Market St. 
Lowell Laundry (McNabb Brothers), 130 

Cambridge St. 
Merrimack Steam Laundry, 599 Dutton St. 
Middlesex Steam Laundry, 267 Middlesex St. 
Nausika Steam Laundry, 41 Suffolk St. 
New England Steam Laundry, 20 Saunders St. 
New System Laundry (Bergeron & Parent), 

2 Revere St. 
Scripture's Laundry, 256 Lawrence St. 

LYNN. 

AUerton Wet Wash Laundry, 19 Allerton St. 

Cheever, Fred C, 274 Broad St. 

Durkee's New Method Wet Wash Laundry, 

395 Chatham St. 
Enterprise Custom Laundry (J. W. Whyte), 

83 Willow St. 
Excel Hand Laundrj^ (W. D. Smith) , 4 Sutton St. 
Excelsior Custom Laundry, 3 Box PI. 
Hallowell's Laundry (Walter E. Hallowell), 

1-7 Friend St. PI. 
Harris Steam Laundry, 79-81 Williams Av. 
Howland's Laundry, 92 Brookline St. 
Hygienic Wet Wash (W. E. Eckhardt), 834 

Boston St. 
Montrose New Process Laundry (Mrs. M. E. 

Montrose), 439 Chatham St. 
Seaside Hand Laundry, 83 & 85 Central Av. 

Office: 371 Washington St. 
Troy Custom Laundry (Sidney B. Dane), 44 

Tremont St. 
West Lynn Wet Wash, 15 Ray St., W. Lynn. 

MALDEN. 

Bettinson-Harris Laundry Co., 35 Dartmouth 
St. 

Family Laundry, The, 27 Dartmouth St. 

Maiden Laundry Co., Inc. (successors to the 
Home Laundry), Middlesex Ct. 

Maiden Sanitary Wet Wash Laundry, 36 Mid- 
dlesex St. 

Maplewood Laundry, 50 North Milton St. 

Manchester. 

Manchester Steam Laundry (E. S. Bradley, 
Prop.), 42 Central St. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



41 



Mansfield. 

New Method Wet Wash Laundry, Rumford A v. 

Marblehead. 

Marblehead Steam Laundry (George H. 
Peach, Jr., Prop.), 15 State St. 

MARLBOROUGH. 

Sherman's Laundry, 26 Main St. 

Marshfield. 

Marshfield Laundry Co. (John W. Merrill, 
Prop.), Main St. 

Maynard. 

Maynard Wet Wash, Park St. 

MEDFORD. 

University Laundry (William C. Mahany), 
448 High St., West Medford. 

MELROSE. 

Frampton Brothers, 122 West Emerson St. 
Melrose Wet Wash, 152 Tremont St. 
Progressive Cash Laundry (Wm. Hutcheon, 
Prop.), 51 Melrose PI., Melrose Highlands. 

Merrimac. 

Domestic Laundry, The, Grove St. 

Methuen. 

Meadow Brook Laundry, r. 165 East St. 

Office: 115 Ferry St., Lawrence. 
Methuen Hand Laundry, Inc., 46 Osgood St. 
Star Laundry Co., 252 Broadway. 

Middleborough. 

Blue Ribbon Laundry (J. W. Leonard, Prop.), 

5 Clifford St. 
Enterprise Steam Laundry, 103 Center St. 

Milford. 

Connors Brothers, 68-70 Main St. 
Sherman, William M., 32 Exchange St. 

Milton. 

Milton Laundry, The (Mary E. McKay, 
Prop.), 49 Pierce St., East Milton. 

Monson. 

Orcutt, Charles F. 

White Star Laundry, North Main St. 

Natick. 

Custom Laundry, The (J. T., & S. K. Don- 
nelly, Props.), 25 Union St. 

Natick Steam Laundry, 16 Court St. 

People's Steam Laundry (Frank L. Cupples, 
Prop.), 2 Middlesex Ave. 



NEW BEDFORD. 

Acme Wet Wash Laundry, 132 Chauncery St. 
Clean Wet Wa.sh Laundry, The, 76 Shawmut 

Av. 
Hathaway's Laundry (C. R. Hathaway), 6 & 8 

Campbell St. 
Home Washing Co., Ill Myrtle St. 
Improved Wet Wash Laundry, 409 Chauncery 

St. 
LaFrance, Joseph, Wet Wash Laundry, 111 

Clifford St. 
Nash Road Wet Wash Laundry, 95 Nash Rd. 
National Wet Wash Laundry (Audette & 

Chapdelain), 281 Sawyer St. 
New Bedford Steam Laundry (F. G. Tripp, 

Prop.), 730 & 734 Pleasant St. 
North End Laundry (Harmidas P. Dion & 

Zephir Bessett, Props.), 1066 County St. 
Parson's Steam Laundry Co., The, 270 Acush- 

net Av. 
Pearl Wet Wash Laundry, 66 Hicks St. 
People's Wet Wash Laundry Co., Hathaway 

St., cor. Belleville Ave. 
Perfection Laundry, Inc., 444 Bolton St. Office: 

13 So. Sixth St. 

NEWBURYPORT. 

Derry, W. C, & Co., 226 Merrimac St. 

M. & H. Laundry (Mannix & Henneberry), 
8 Charter St. 

Newburyport Steam Laundry, 36 Inn St. 

Rourke, John J., 16 Middle St. 

Samson Laundry Co., Inc., 198 Merrimac St. 

Whitfield Mills Family Laundry (W. A. Little- 
field), Kent St. 

NEWTON. 

Garden City Laundry Co., 75 Adams St. 

NORTH ADAMS. 

Henry's Steam Laundry Co., 136 Houghton St. 

Model Laundry Co., 46 Lincoln St. 

New Method Wet Wash Laundry, The, 32 

Union St. 
Valentine & Shaw, 146-154 Ashland St. 

North Andover. 

North Andover Hand Laundry, 61 Water St. 
North Andover Wet Wash, 31 May St. 

North Attleborough. 

Enterprise Laundry, 23 Chestnut St. 

NORTHAMPTON. 

Belding, John G., 114 Maple St. 
Northampton Empire Laundry (John P. 

Thompson, Prop.), 22-24 Court St. 
Sanitary Laundry, 11 Market St. 



42 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



Norton. 

Lane Brothers Co., cor. Worcester & Main 
Sts., Chartley. 

Orange. 

Hunt's Home Laundry, 29 South Main St. 
Monarch Steam Laundry, Depot Sq. 

Oxford. 

Oxford Laundry, 6 Charlton St., Oxford 
Center. 

Peabody. 
Peabody Steam Laundry, 17 Walnut St. 

PITTSFIELD. 

Berkshire Steam Laundry Co., Northrup St. 
Wahconah Wet Wash Laundry, 194 Wahconah 

St. 

Plainville. 
Plainville Home Wash Co. (Frank H. Shattuck, 

Prop.), off Park St. 

Plymouth. 

Goss Laundry (H. A. Leavitt, Prop.), Pleasant 

St. 
Old Colony Steam Laundry, 18 Howland St. 

QUINCY. 

Atlantic Wet Wash Laundry Co., 69 Madison 
St., Atlantic. 

Crescent Wet Wash Laundry Co., 350 Cope- 
land St., West Quincy. 

Old Colony Laundry Co., 12 Tirrell Ct. 

Quincy Home Washing Co., r. 1503 Hancock 
St. 

Quincy New System Wet Wash Co., Valley St. 

Randolph. 

Randolph Wet Wash Laundry, r. Warren St. 

Reading. 

Reading Custom Laundry, 80 John St. 

Rockland. 

Rockland New System Laundry, Bigelow Av. 

SALEM. 

Lafayette Wet Wash Laundry, 22 Porter St. 
North Salem Wet Wash, 12 Nursery St. 
Salem Laundry Co., 51-55 Lafayette St. 
Up To Date Wet Wash Laundry (Arthur H. 
Parsons, Prop.), 14 Goodhue St. 

Scituate. 

Meadowbrook Laundry, Brook St. 



Shelburne. 

Shelburne Falls Laundry, Deerfield Av., Shel- 
burne Falls. 

SOMERVILLE. 

American Wet Wash Laundry Co., 80 Mea- 
cham Rd., West Somerville. 

Central Laundry Co., The, 177-179 Beacon 
St. 

Farnsworth's New Method Wet Wash Laun- 
dry, r. 226 Pearl St. 

White Cross Laundry Co., Inc., The, 154 Cedar 
St. 

South Hadley. 

Home Wet Wash Laundry (M. J. Lynch, 
Prop.), 8 Gaylord St., So. Hadley Falls. 
Office: Holyoke. 

Southbridge. 

National Steam Laundry, North cor. Me- 
chanic St. 
Southbridge Steam Laundry, Brookside St. 

Spencer. 

Spencer Steam Laundry, 28 Lincoln St. 
White Star Laundry, 38 Temple St. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Bay State Laundry Co., 7Si Bliss St. 
Belmont Laundry Co., Inc., 333 Belmont 

Av. 
City Laundry, The (Brown & Albee), 870 

State St. 
Dale Brothers, 472 Union St. 
Frost's Laundry (Rush S. Frost, Prop.), 651 

Main St. 
Modern Wet Wash Laundry (King & Rhodes), 

10 Boylston St. 
Royce Laundry Co., 21 Clinton St. 
Scott's Laundry Co., 333 Bridge St. 
Springfield Coat, Apron & Towel Supply Co., 

61 Franklin St. 
Springfield & Suburban Laundry Co., 133-145 

Bridge St. 
Springfield Wet Wash Laundry (R. L. Chip- 
man, Prop.), 61 Taylor St. 
Superior Laundry Co., Superior PI. 

Stoneham. 

Fleming's Steam Laundry, Main St. 

Stoughton. 

Norfolk Laundry (H. A. Allen, Prop.), 759 

Central St. 
Stoughton Wet Wash Laundry, 6 Porter St. 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



43 



Swampscott. 

North Shore Wet Wash Laundry, r. 80 Nor- 
folk Av. 

TAUNTON. 

Empire Wet Wash, 44 Cottage St. 
Home Washing Co., Myrtle & Mason Sts. 
Morton Brothers Co., 6 P. O. Sq. 
New System Wet Wash Laundry, North Av. 
Union Hand Laundry (W. W. Anderson, 
Prop.), 22 Franklin St. 

Upton. 

Brown's Laundry, West Upton, 

Uxb ridge. 

Standard Laundry (Arthur Dominique, Prop.), 

Linwood St., Whitin's Depot. 
Uxbridge Laundry (Jos. E. Mathieu, Prop.), 

Rice City. 

Wakefield. 

Crescent Laundry Co. (J. Fred Richardson, 

Prop.), 150 North Av. 
Wakefield Steam Laundry, The (Ernest G. 

Willard, Prop.), r. 366 Main St. 

Walpole. 

Central Wet Wash, East St. 

WALTHAM. 

New System Wet Wash Laundry, cor. Charles 

& Grant Sts. 
Riverside Laundry, 36 Woerd Av. 
Waltham Laundry Co., r. 21 Crescent St. 

Ware. 

Goodwin's Wet Wash, North St. 
Ware Steam Laundry, Monroe St. 

Wareham. 

Home Washing Co., Marion Rd. 
Star Laundrj', East Wareham. 

Warren. 

Warren Steam Laundry (Simon Edward Char- 
bonneau. Prop.), River St. 

Watertown. 

Lewandos French Dyeing & Cleansing Co., 
Laundry Dept., Galen St. Office: 286 
Boylston St., Boston. 

Metropolitan Laundry Co., 99 Spring St. 



Newton Wet Wash Laundry Co. (M. M. Enos, 
Prop.), 11 Merchants Row. 

White & Clean Hygienic Laundry, 149 Fay- 
ette St. 

Webster. 

Empire Laundry Co., 5 River Ct. 
Webster Wet Wash (Henry Lucier, Prop.), 
34 Myrtle Av. 

Wellesley. 

Canfield's Laundry Co., 47 Cottage St. 

Lake Waban Laundry, The, Wellesley College 

Grounds. 
Wellesley Domestic Laundry Co., 8 Francis 

St. 
Wellesley New System Wet Wash (W. J. 

Dana), 19 Heckle St., Wellesley Hills. 

Westfield. 

Troy Steam Laundry (Kyle & Marsh, Props.), 

155 Elm St. 
Westfield Laundry Co., 41 Jefferson St. 

West Newbury. 

West Newbury Wet Wash Laundry (J. B. 
Thompson, Prop.). 

Weymouth. 

Monarch Wet Wash Laundry, Wharf St., 

East Weymouth. 
South Weymouth Custom Laundry, 494 

Main St., South Weymouth. 

Whitman. 

Hall Brothers, 42 Dyer Av. 

Puritan Laundry (Mann & Whiting), 46 
Pond St. 

Troy Laundry (C. E. Moody & Co.), 533 Wash- 
ington St. 

Winchendon. 

Winchendon Steam Laundry, 17 East Grove 
St. 

Winchester. 

Winchester Laundry Co., The, Converse PI. 

Winthrop. 

Crystal Bay Custom Laundry (A. B. Chap- 
man, Prop.), 515 Shirley St. 
Winthrop Wet Wash, Central St. 

WOBURN. 

Woburn Laundry Co., 89 Winn St. 



44 



POWER LAUNDRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1913. 



WORCESTER. 

Bay State Laundry (Wm. H. Balcom), 17 

Church St. 
Cook, C. B., Laundry Co., 10 Barton PI. 
Cross, J. J., Laundry Co., The, 86 Exchange 

St. 
Donohue Modern Laundry (Daniel J. Dono- 

hue), cor. Green & So. Harding Sts. 



E. & R. Laundry Co., 9 May St. 
Empire Laundry Co., 17 Beacon St. 
Hovey Laundry Co., 41 Austin St. 
Muirs Laundry, 60-62 Bellevue St. 
ReUable Wet Wash Co., 51-53 Salem St. 
Troy Laundry, 28 Pleasant St. 
Union Laundry Co., 115 Exchange St. 
Worcester Wet Wash Laundry, 30 Beaver St. 



PUBLICATIONS 
OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS. 



I. REPORT ON THE STATISTICS OF LABOR. 
(Public Document No. 15.) 

The publication of the Annual Report on the Statistics of Labor began in 1870, the 
Labor Bulletin in 1898, and Special Reports have been issued from time to time as 
occasion required. The publication of separate series of (a) Parts of the Annual 
Report on the Statistics of Labor (Public Document No. 15), and (6) Labor Bulle- 
tins, has been discontinued, and since January, 1913, all of these several publications 
have been styled "Labor Bulletins" and a certain number of copies set aside for 
binding and publication at the end of the year under the title of the " Annual Report 
on the Statistics of Labor." The Labor Bulletins are published at irregular intervals 
and each number contains matter devoted to one subject, concerning labor or the con- 
dition of the wage-earning population or questions of general economic or social interest. 
These Bulletins are numbered consecutively, as issued, and are dated as'of the date 
when the copy for same was despatched to the State Printers. A list of the Reports 
and Bulletins issued sinde January 1, 1912, will be found below. A list of the Reports 
and Bulletins issued prior to January 1, 1912, will be furnished on appUcation. 

Persons or organizations desiring to receive the Labor Bulletins as issued will be 
placed upon the maiUng hst upon making application to the Bureau on a form provided 
for this purpose. 

The following is a list of the Parts of the Annual Report on the Statistics of Labor 
issued by this Bureau since January 1, 1913. Those indicated by an asterisk (*) are 
now out of print; those which remain in print will be mailed to applicants upon receipt 
of the amount indicated to cover the cost of mailing. 

1912. Part I. The Immigrant Population of Massachusetts, containing (I) 8th Annual Report on Immi- 
grant Aliens Destined for and Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachusetts, 1912; (II) Immigrants in Cities 
and Industries, an abstract of the Report of the United States Immigration Commission; and (III) Foreign- 
born Population of Massachusetts, an abstract of statistics of population of the 13th Federal Census, 1910 (5 c) — 
Part II, Labor Bibliography, 1912 (3 c.) — Part III. 13th Annual Report on Strikes and Lockouts. 1912 (4 o.) ; 
three parts bound in cloth (12 o.). 

The following is a list of the Labor Bulletins issued by this Bureau since January 1, 
1912. Those indicated by an asterisk (*) are out of print; those which remain in 
print will be" mailed to applicants upon receipt of the .amount indicated to cover the 
cost of mailing. 

•No. 88, January, 1912. Homesteads for Workingmen. 

No. 89, February, 1912. 17th Quarterly Report on the State of Employment, December 30, 1911 (1 c). 
•No. 90, March, 1912. 7th Annual Report on Immigrant Aliens Destined for and Emigrant Aliens Departed 
from Massachusetts, 1911. 

•No. 91, April, 1912. Time- Rates of Wages and Hours of Labor in Certain Occupations on October 1, 1911. 
•No. 92, June, 1912. Labor Legislation in Massachusetts, 1912. 

•No. 93, August, 1912. 11th Annual Directory of Labor (Organizations in Massachusetts, 1912. 
No. 94, March 1, 1913. 12th Annual Directory of Labor Organizations in Massachusetts, 1913 (3 c). 
No. 95, October 1, 1913. Labor Legi.^ation in Massachusetts, 1913 (with text of legislation for 1912 and 
Cumulative Index of the Labor Laws in effect December 31, 1913). The labor laws of years prior to 1912 were 
published in Labor Bulletins Nos. 67 (out of print) and 84 (5 c). 

No. 96, October 10, 1913. 5th Annual Report on Labor Organizations, 1912 (4 c). 
No. 97, February 13, 1914. Union Scale of Wages and Hours of Labor, October 1, 1913 (4 c). 
No. 98, March 9, 1914. 13th Annual Directory of Labor Organizations. 1914 (3 c). 

No. 99, April 3, 1914, Immigrant Aliens Destined for and Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachusetts, 
1913 (Ic). 

II. REPORT ON THE STATISTICS OF I^IANUFACTURES. 

(Public Document No. 36.) 

The publication of the Annual Report on the Statistics of Manufactures began in 1886, but 
all reports prior to 1903, and issues for 1905 and 1910, are out of print. Each report issued prior 
to 1907 contained comparisons for identical establishments, between two or more years, as to 
Capital Devoted to Production, Stock and Materials Used, Goods Made, Persons Employed, 
Wages Paid, and Time in Operation. Beginning with 1907 the comparisons for identical estab- 
lishments were omitted, and all returns made to the Bureau included in the tabulations. A few 
reports for the following years are still available for distribution, and will be sent to any address, 
on receipt of the amount specified in postage: — 1903 (10 c.) ; 1904 (5 c.) ; 1906 (5 c.) ; 1907 (6 c.) ; 
1908 (5 c); 1909 (5 c): 1911 (5 c); and 1913 (5 c). 



^^^^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

III. REPORT ON THE STATISTICS (^ffl 

(Public Document No. 79.) 
Containing statistics pertaining to the cost of municipal gOM 014 149 887 3 9 
enue, maintenance, interest payments, and municipal indebtedni 

The first report was issued in September, 1908, and covers municipal fiscal years ending between November 
30, 1906, and April 1, 1907. (Out of print.) 

The second report was issued in November, 1910, and covers municipal fiscal years ending between November 
30, 1907, and April 6, 1908. (Out of print.) 

The third report covers municipal fiscal years ending between November 30, 1908, and April 1, 1909. It will 
be sent upon receipt of 9 cents to covffr cost of mailing. 

The fourth report covers municipal fiscal years ending between November 30, 1909, and April 1, 1910. It will 
be sent upon receipt of 11 cents to cover cost of mailing. 

The fifth report covers municipal fiscal years ending between November 30, 1910, and April 1, 1911, It will 
be sent upon receipt of 10 cents to cover cost of mailing. 



IV. REPORT ON THE FREE EMPLOYMENT OFFICES. 

(Public Document No. 80.) 

Free employment offices are maintained under the jurisdiction of this Bureau in Boston, 
Springfield, Fall River, and Worcester. 

The annual reports contain numerous statistical tables and descriptive matter relative to 
the work of the offices, and will be sent on receipt of 6 cents each to cover the cost of mailing. 
The reports are issued in January of each year, the first one covetins the year ending November 
30, 1907. 



V. THE MUNICIPAL BULLETIN. 

Containing matter relating to municipal affairs, especially finances, and intended to promote 
a sound and efficient administration of city and town government in Massachusetts. Copies 
will be mailed upon receipt of the amount indicated to cover the cost of mailing. 

No. 1, January, 1910. A Uniform Classification of Municipal Receipts and Payments Prescribed for the' 
Cities and Towns of Massachusetts as a Basis for a Standard System of Accounts and Reports (3 c). 

No. 2, July, 1910. Recent Legislation relative to Town Finances and Municipal Accounts (1 c). 

No. S, January, 1911. The Issue and Certification of Town Notes Under the Provisions of Chapter 616 
of the Acts of 1910 (1 c). 

_No. 4, March, 1911. Outstanding Indebtedness of Certain Cities and Towns of Massachusetts Against 
which no Sinking Funds are being Accumulated or for the Extinguishment of which no Annual Payments of 
Principal are being Made (2 c). 

No. 6, July, 1913. laws relating to Municipal Finances including the Municipal Indebtedness Act of 1913, 
the acts requiring the Certification of Town and District Notes, providing for the Auditing of Accounts and 
the Installation of Accounting Sj-stems by the Bureau of Statistics, making of Annual Returns of Financial 
Transactions, etc. 



VI. REPORT ON THE STATE OF EMPLOYMENT. 

Contains statistics of unemployment among members of labor organizations in Massachusetts. 
Issued quarterly. Persons or organizations desiring to receive copies of this report will be placed 
upon the mailing list upon making application. 



VII. SPECIAL REPORTS. 

Special reports will be mailed upon receipt of the amount indicated to cover the cost of 
mailing. 

January 4, 1911. A Special Report on the Coat of Retirement Systems for State and County Employees 
in Massachusetts (4 o.), 

January 6, 1911. The Population of Massachusette as Determined by the Thirteenth Census of the United 
States, 1910 (3o.). 

April 15, 1912. Report of a Special Investigation relative to the Indebtedness of the Cities and Towns of 
the Commonwealth (8 c). 

March 5, 1913. Report of a Special Investigation relative to the Sinking Funds and Serial Loans of the Cities 
and Towns of the Commonwealth (2 c). 

August 1, 1913. A Directory of Massachusetts Manufactures, 1913 (8 c). 

August 1, 1914. Report on the Power Laundries in Massachusetts, 1913 (3 c). 



VIII. THE DECENNIAL CENSUS. 

The Decennial Census of the Commonwealth for 1906 was published complete in four vol- 
umes; now out of print. 



